Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 2SYK
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Some of the factors that contribute and retain the genetic variability within the population.
Introduction:
The field of biology that deals with the study of the composition of genetic material within a population is called population genetics. Certain factors that lead to the process of evolution are natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration; all these lead to changes in the genetic composition. Other selection processes that are involved in adaptive evolution involves the selection of a particular trait that gives rise to adaption according to the environment.
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When discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…
When selection favors homozygotes over heterozygotes it is likely that...
Incorrect answer -
both alleles will be maintained in the population at frequencies different from those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg principles.
Correct Answer -
genetic diversity will decrease as one of the alleles will become fixed within the population.
Question:
In detail, please explain why the correct answer is correct and also please explain in detail, why the incorrect answer is not correct.
An allele A is present in a population at a frequency of 0.29, and there is only one other allele at
the same locus. Fitness is associated with variation at the locus carrying the A allele such that
there is a selection coefficient s equal to 0.03. What would you expect the frequency of the A
allele to be after one generation of natural selection.
Compute your result up to four decimal places.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 23 - a. What is a major source of genetic variation for...Ch. 23 - In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous...Ch. 23 - Use the allele frequencies you determined in...Ch. 23 - Practice using the Hardy-Weinberg equation so that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5IQCh. 23 - Why hasnt the highly deleterious sickle-cell...Ch. 23 - a. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? b. Define...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Mice have an estimated 1,000 olfactory receptor...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - If a population has the following genotype...Ch. 23 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - In a random sample of a population of shorthorn...Ch. 23 - Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population...Ch. 23 - Porphyria variegata is a genetic disease...Ch. 23 - Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 21TYK
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- Which of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection? Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population. Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated. The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population. A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies.arrow_forwardA population of birds has two alleles encoding for three different phenotypes: long wings, wingsss, and mid-length wings. . The initial frequency of the Sallele was 0.63 and the sallele was 0.37. However 97% of the long-winged birds survived to reproductive age56% of mid-length birds survived to reproductive age, and only 10% of short-winged birds survived to reproductive age. You are going to determine if natural selection has an effect on the allele frequency What is the expected frequency of the Sallele in the next generation when you incorporate the survival rate? Please use as many decimals points as possible when doing your calculations. Please answer using four decimal points. (Your population can be 100 or 1000 individuals or any numberreally up to you.I work with 1000but that won't change the results because we are talking about frequency.)arrow_forwardThe Hardy–Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, as long as specific conditions are met.Choose Yes or No for the conditions that must be met from the provided statements below. Mutations are exponentially occurring. All members of the population breed. Everyone produces the same number of offspring. The population is infinitely large. There is no migration in or out of the population. No net mutations are occurring. Natural selection of beneficial traits is occurring. Natural selection is not occurring. All mating is completely random. Offspring are able to migrate out of the population.arrow_forward
- With respect to this form of natural selection, explain the meaning of the word directional.arrow_forwardRecall that the Hardy-Weinberg model makes the following assumptions: No mutations Extremely large population No gene flow No selection You score flower colour in a very large natural population where flower colour is a co-dominant trait where white and red are homozygotes (CWCW and CRCR) and pink are heterozygotes (CWCR). Taking your observed phenotypes and genotypes, you apply the Hardy-Weinberg principle and find an excess of homozygous individuals (that is, individuals with either white or red flowers). Give two plausible explanations for this excess of homozygotes in the natural population.arrow_forwardConsider the roles of different types of selective pressure. Part A: Compare and contrast sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. Part B: Give examples of traits that may be favored in sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. For each, explain if the trait would be favored by one type of selection but selected against by another type of selection. BI 1000 MacBook Air O00 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 $ % & * 2 3 4 6.arrow_forward
- Imagine a remote island inhabited by a population of lizards. To determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for gene X, which of the following conditions must be met? The lizard population should be at least 100 individuals and close to other large populations to avoid genetic drift. No selection, meaning that all individuals have an equal chance of survival and reproduction No gene flow due to migration between the island and other lizard populations Random mating among lizards without any preference to gene X No measurably significant mutations occurring in the lizard population at gene Xarrow_forwardThree genotypes occur in a population of birds: DD, Dd, and dd. D is the dominant allele, and encodes the dark - coloured birds; light - coloured mice have the genotype dd. There are initially 60 DD, 60 Dd, and 60 dd birds in a population, and the selection coefficient against light - coloured birds is 0.4. If 80% of each dark - coloured genotype survives (48 DD and 48 Dd), how many light-coloured birds would you expect to see in the next generation?arrow_forwardNatural selection causes a shift in gene frequencies. What type of shift due to natural selection is represented here? Describe that type of natural selection and which data on these graphs support it. Chose one other type of selection and provide an example of how it is different from these graphs. Average 30 8.8 9.3 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.3 Beak depth Number of medium ground finches 25 20 15- 10 5 0 7.3 7.8 8.3arrow_forward
- Suppose there is a type of deleterious mutation in a particular human gene that causes death very late in life. Such mutations happen in about one in every million births, and can be passed on to descendants. Which statement about this allele is false? At equilibrium, the frequency of this allele will be zero. Selection against this mutation is weak compared to an allele that causes death at an earlier age. Medical advances that extend human lifespan will increase selection against this allele. Selection against this allele depends on the rate of extrinsic mortality.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about genetic fitness and/or selection is false? Group of answer choices Individuals with low fitness have greater selection coefficients Fitness involves both relative viability and reproductive success Individuals with high fitness have greater selection coefficients Selection against recessive alleles tends to be slower overall than dominant alleles because of the survival in heterozygotesarrow_forwardLets say there exists a gene in the United States that comes in two alleles, the dominant A and the recessive a. The allele frequency of the dominant allele is 60% and the allele frequency of the recessive allele is 40% The population in genotyped and its found in the United States there are 36% Homozygous Dominant folk, 48% Homozygous Recessive folk, and 16% Homozygous recessive folk. Do you think there is any fitness advantage to any of these genotypes? Why or why not? View keyboard shortcutsarrow_forward
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