Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 5IQ
Summary Introduction
To create: A concept map of microevolution.
Introduction: The field of biology that deals with the study of the composition of genetic material within a population is called population genetics. Certain factors that lead to the process of evolution are natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration; all these lead to changes in the genetic composition.
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The gel image below shows 7 alleles, let’s call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. In this sample of 11 individuals, how many times does allele 3 appear? Please type your answer as a number, not a word.
ANSWER: In the image below allele 3 appears ? times.
In an ideal population of plants with red (due to dominant “R” allele) or white flowers (due to recessive “r” allele), the frequency of white flowers is 9%. Draw a Punnett square and identify the location of the white flowered plants within the square using the color red. Identify where the “R” allele is designated on the Punnett square using the color green. What is the frequency of the “R” allele?
a) 9% b) 30% c) 91% d) 70%
In addition to the number of trichomes on the leaf petioles, you could alternately select for a different trait--such as the height of the plant at first flower, or leaf color--and choose the individual plants that are at one extreme for this trait to be the parent plants in your experiment.
The following data were obtained in an artificial selection experiment with Wisconsin Fast Plants.
What is the mean height of the plants in the parent population, rounded to the nearest tenth (0.1)?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 23 - a. What is a major source of genetic variation for...Ch. 23 - In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous...Ch. 23 - Use the allele frequencies you determined in...Ch. 23 - Practice using the Hardy-Weinberg equation so that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5IQCh. 23 - Why hasnt the highly deleterious sickle-cell...Ch. 23 - a. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? b. Define...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Mice have an estimated 1,000 olfactory receptor...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - If a population has the following genotype...Ch. 23 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - In a random sample of a population of shorthorn...Ch. 23 - Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population...Ch. 23 - Porphyria variegata is a genetic disease...Ch. 23 - Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 21TYK
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- The gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. Imagine the unlikely case that the 11 individuals represented in the gel image above were truly representative of the population. What is the frequency (f) of allele 6? Give your answer as a percentage, to one decimal place, do not include the % symbol. Answer: In the gel image below the frequency of allele 6 is Blank 1 percent. Photograph of UV illuminated 1% agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) ... A В с D F G H IJ K 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Key: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forwardThe gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. Imagine the unlikely case that the 11 individuals represented in the gel image above were truly representative of the population. What is the frequency (f) of allele 6? Give your answer as a percentage, to one decimal place, do not include the % symbol. Answer: In the gel image below the frequency of allele 6 is 18 percent. Photograph of UV illuminated 1 % agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 differentindividuals (A-K) A B C DE F G H IJK 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Key: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable numbertandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forwardYour parents are studying the evolution of the pumpkin size to make the best patch in your city. After doing some crosses and genotyping some individuals, you determined that the number of individuals homozygous dominant for the largest pumpkin allele is 98, 80 are heterozygous for medium size, and 20 are homozygous recessive for small size. What is the allele frequency for the homozygous dominant allele? Please round up and your final answer should have four decimal points.arrow_forward
- For the trichome selection experiment, the null hypothesis is that there will be no difference between the mean number of trichomes in the second generation compared to the parent generation. The following bar graph shows the data from the experiment, including error bars showing ± 2 standard deviations (a measure of variation for a group of data as a whole). Based on the data provided, do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Select the answer that most strongly supports your choice and correctly justifies the response. Based on the data provided, do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Select the answer that most strongly supports your choice and correctly justifies the response. A. Reject the null hypothesis, as variation, shown by the error bars, is greater after selection. B. Reject the null hypothesis, as there is no overlap between the means as shown by the error bars. C. Reject the null hypothesis, as the error bars for the two groups show…arrow_forwardDescribe and sketch each of the traits from the list, listing genotypes and phenotypes for each. Note: You can do a lot better than the example shown above. Please show the sketches properly.arrow_forwardIn human population X, consider the simple Mendelian trait for freckles. F is the dominant allele and f is the recessive allele. Individuals who are homozygous dominant (FF) or heterozygous (Ff) for the trait express freckles. Individuals who are homozygous recessive (ff) for the trait do not express freckles. In this population, 30% (0.3) of the alleles are recessive (f) and 70% (0.7) are dominant (F). Q1. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the genotype frequencies we should expect in the next generation. Be sure to show your work. Q2. You have collected data on the observed genotype frequencies of the next generation. They are: 60% FF, 30% Ff, and 10% ff. Based on these observations and your expectations, is this trait currently evolving in this population? Why or why not? Show your work.arrow_forward
- In fruit flies, long wings (L) are dominant over short wings (l). In a population of 45 fruit flies, 27 have LL genotypes, 13 have Ll genotypes, and 5 have ll genotypes. Find the frequency of the following. Show all work and record your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.a. long-winged fruit flies: b. short-winged fruit flies:arrow_forwardA form of learning disabilities and speech impairment results from a recessive mutation in the HERC2 gene. The next 4 questions are about this mutation. In a small Amish village in Ohio, about 5 per 1000 births are affected with this disorder. Assume Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of the dominant WT HERC2 allele in this small village? A form of learning disabilities and speech impairment results from a recessive mutation in the HERC2 gene. The next 4 questions are about this mutation. Part a: In a small Amish village in Ohio, about 5 per 1000 births are affected with this disorder. Assume Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of the dominant WT HERC2 allele in this small village? a)0.005 b)0.995 c)0.07 d)0.93 Part b: What is the estimated total number of homozygous dominant individuals in this village of 1000 people? a) 70 b) 930 c) 860 d) 140arrow_forwardThis lab exercise requires that we count certain Mendelian traits among students present in the lab. Your professor will explain each trait being addressed and will then ask students to identify if they are dominant or recessive for that specific trait. The collected traits will then be plugged into the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium formula in order to calculate frequency of Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive individuals in the same. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 100 given data: trait: hair swirl 19 individuals total. 10 had the homozygous dominant hair swirl trait: clockwise the nine other were recessive please do a step by step explanation with the calculation using this data, as I am very unfamiliar with what values mean what and the equation itself thank you!arrow_forward
- You are studying two genetic loci that are on the same chromosome. One of the loci is a gene that produces darker feathers in dark environments in birds. The second locus is a gene associated with metabolism. In your research you find that the second locus is not under selection, but the first locus is undergoing positive selection. The positive selection at the first locus is increasing a specific allele at the second locus. This discovery of yours is best described as which of the following? a. Recombinaton b. Linkage equilibrium c. Genetic hitchhiking d. Chromosome inversionarrow_forwardWe toss a fair coin 60 times and get the following initial population: s1 = 1111111111 s2 = 1111011111 s3 = 1110110111 s4 = 1101010111 s5 = 1110010101 s6 = 0100110000Apply Genetic algorithm using the following rules. i. After applying fitness and rearrangement, apply crossover between:a. s1’ and s4’ after 2nd gene.b. s2’ and s5’ after 3rd gene.c. s3’ and s6’ after 4th gene.ii. Consider your chromosome as x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10a. Mutate x3 and x5 in the updated s1’.b. Mutate x4 and x9 in the updated s2’.c. Mutate x3 in the updated s3’.iii. The updated fitnesarrow_forwardThere are two incomplete-dominant alleles for petal color in a population of flowers. 36% of the flowers have red petals, 16% of the organisms have white petals, and 48% of the flowers have pink petals. What percentage of alleles in this population code for red petals (R)? how can i calculate it?arrow_forward
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