Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The
Friedal Craft acylation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, synthesis of monoacylated product takes place from the reaction between aromatic rings and acyl chlorides.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
In Hofmann elimination, there is a formation of quaternary ammonium salt in the first step.
Hofmann elimination reaction is the conversion reaction of the primary amide to a primary amine with the loss of one carbon chain. The reaction requires basic conditions. The reaction of sodium hydroxide with bromine forms sodium hypobromite as an intermediate in situ.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The chemical reaction in which an electrophile group is replaced by another functional group is called the electrophilic substitution reaction. When the electrophilic substitution happens on an aromatic ring such as benzene then the reaction is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Reduction is a reaction in which there is an addition of hydrogen atom or removal of oxygen atom. The substance used for the reduction is known as reducing agent. The reducing agents are get oxidized in the reduction process. Lithium aluminum hydride, sodium boron hydride are some common strong reducing agents.
(e)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile attacks the electrophilic centre and eliminates another group in the compound. The
(f)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Alkyl halides undergo elimination reaction in the presence of a base to form alkenes. The mechanism of the reaction followed depends on the base used during the reaction. The
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile attacks the electrophilic centre and eliminates another group in the compound. The

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Chapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SAPLING ACCESS + ETEX
- What is the stepwise mechanism for this reaction?arrow_forward32. Consider a two-state system in which the low energy level is 300 J mol 1 and the higher energy level is 800 J mol 1, and the temperature is 300 K. Find the population of each level. Hint: Pay attention to your units. A. What is the partition function for this system? B. What are the populations of each level? Now instead, consider a system with energy levels of 0 J mol C. Now what is the partition function? D. And what are the populations of the two levels? E. Finally, repeat the second calculation at 500 K. and 500 J mol 1 at 300 K. F. What do you notice about the populations as you increase the temperature? At what temperature would you expect the states to have equal populations?arrow_forward30. We will derive the forms of the molecular partition functions for atoms and molecules shortly in class, but the partition function that describes the translational and rotational motion of a homonuclear diatomic molecule is given by Itrans (V,T) = = 2πmkBT h² V grot (T) 4π²IKBT h² Where h is Planck's constant and I is molecular moment of inertia. The overall partition function is qmolec Qtrans qrot. Find the energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy for the translational and rotational modes of 1 mole of oxygen molecules and 1 mole of iodine molecules at 50 K and at 300 K and with a volume of 1 m³. Here is some useful data: Moment of inertia: I2 I 7.46 x 10- 45 kg m² 2 O2 I 1.91 x 101 -46 kg m²arrow_forward
- K for each reaction step. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. HI HaC Drawing Arrows! H3C OCH3 H 4 59°F Mostly sunny H CH3 HO O CH3 'C' CH3 Select to Add Arrows CH3 1 L H&C. OCH3 H H H H Select to Add Arrows Q Search Problem 30 of 20 H. H3C + :0: H CH3 CH3 20 H2C Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forwardDraw the principal organic product of the following reaction.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forward
- Calculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbons. Draw out the benzene ring structure when doing itarrow_forward1) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Lyman and Paschen series. 2) Calculate the ionization energy of He* and L2+ ions in their ground states. 3) Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron emitted upon irradiation of a H-atom in ground state by a 50-nm radiation.arrow_forwardCalculate the ionization energy of He+ and Li²+ ions in their ground states. Thannnxxxxx sirrr Ahehehehehejh27278283-4;*; shebehebbw $+$;$-;$-28283773838 hahhehdvaarrow_forward
- Plleeaasseee solllveeee question 3 andd thankss sirr, don't solve it by AI plleeaasseee don't use AIarrow_forwardCalculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbonsarrow_forwardPlease sirrr soollveee these parts pleaseeee and thank youuuuuarrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
