(a) Interpretation: The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here: The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied. Concept introduction: The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ar

Highlight each glycosidic bond in the molecule below. Then answer the questions in the table under the drawing area. HO- HO- -0 OH OH HO NG HO- HO- OH OH OH OH NG OH

€ + Suppose the molecule in the drawing area below were reacted with H₂ over a platinum catalyst. Edit the molecule to show what would happen to it. That is, turn it into the product of the reaction. Also, write the name of the product molecule under the drawing area. Name: ☐ H C=0 X H- OH HO- H HO- -H CH₂OH ×

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The iodo and formyl groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of para isomers and the sum of the ortho and para products are shown.

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Chapter 23 Solutions