Chapter 23, Problem 23.17P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The correct order of the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution from slowest to fastest for the following aromatic rings is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Substituents on benzene ring affect the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction relative to each other. The activating groups activate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution while deactivating groups deactivate. This can be explained on various factors, which include stability of arenium ion, electron density in benzene ring, reaction condition, and number of substituents present.