Chapter 23, Problem 23.10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why does toluene undergo electrophilic substitution faster than benzene thereby making ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ an activating group is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Monosubstituted benzene shows electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The relative rate of the compound increased by the substituent attached to the benzene ring in electrophilic substitution reaction. Some substituents increase the rate of reaction called activating group, and some substituents decrease the rate of reaction called deactivating group. The electron donating groups are activating groups and electron withdrawing groups are deactivating groups.