Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.17E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the conversion of fructose
Concept introduction:
Glycolysis refers to a significant part of the
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Glucose units cleaved from glycogen by the phosphorylase:
are phosphorylated at the C1 position by hexokinase to generate glucose 1-phosphate
are converted into fructose 1-phosphate and then enter glycolysis at step 3
need to have their 1-phosphate moved to the C6 position before they can enter glycolysis
directly enter glycolysis at step 2, where they are converted to fructose 6-phosphate
Place the steps of glycolysis in the order that they occur.
Last step
Answer Bank
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
Aldolase cleaves the six-carbon sugar into two three-carbon sugars.
Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate. 3-Phosphoglycerate is formed.
Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by phosphofructokinase.
First step
Anaerobic glycolysis (i.e., lactic acid fermentation) produces pyruvate that is then converted to lactate through the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate would seem to be an unnecessary step, since this process does not result in any further release of energy. Explain the necessity for the production of lactate as the endpoint for anaerobic glycolysis.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Ch. 23 - Why is glucose considered the pivotal compound in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.3ECh. 23 - Describe what is meant by the terms blood sugar...Ch. 23 - What range of concentrations for glucose in blood...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.7ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.8ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.9ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.10E
Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.11ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.12ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.13ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.14ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.15ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.16ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.17ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.18ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.19ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.20ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.21ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.22ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.23ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.24ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.25ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.26ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.27ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.28ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.29ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.30ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.31ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.32ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.33ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.34ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.35ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.36ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.37ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.38ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.39ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.40ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.41ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.42ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.43ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.44ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.45ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.46ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.47ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.48ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.49ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.50ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.51ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.52ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.53ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.54ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.55ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.56ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.57ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.58ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.59ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.60ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.61ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.62ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.63ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.64ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.65ECh. 23 - Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.67ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.68ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.69ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.70ECh. 23 - A friend started to make wine by adding yeast to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.72ECh. 23 - Explain why monitoring blood lactate levels might...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.74ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.75ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.76ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.77ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.78ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.79ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.80ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.81ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.82ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.83ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.84ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.85ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.86ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.87ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.88ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.89ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.90E
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why is glucose considered the pivotal compound in carbohydrate metabolism?arrow_forwardIn strong base, glucose converts to fructose. Explain howthis conversion occurs.arrow_forwardThe glycolysis pathway is shown. Place the enzymes used in each of the ten labeled steps of the pathway. Be sure to scroll down completely until pyruvate is formed. glucose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-biphosphate ADP ATP ADP ATP glucose dihydroxyacetonephosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ADP ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate ADP ATP pyruvate Answer Bank phosphoglycerate mutase hexokinase phosphohexose isomerase triosephosphate isomerase phosphofructokinase-1 pyruvate kinase phosphoglycerate kinase aldolase enolase glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD + HOPO3²- NADH+H*arrow_forward
- The rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forwardExplain the inputs and outputs of glycolysis, fermentation and the Krebs cycle, and state how many enzymes are involved in each process.arrow_forwardTrypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their free energy from glycolysis. They take up glucose from the host’s blood and excrete pyruvate as a waste product. In this part of their life cycle, trypanosomes do not carry out any oxidative phosphorylation, but they do use another oxygen-dependent pathway, which is absent in mammals, to oxidize NADH. Would this pathway be necessary if the trypanosome excreted lactate rather than pyruvate? Explain.arrow_forward
- Why does Glycolysis only release a small amount of the total available energy that can be harvested from glucose?arrow_forwardThe glycolysis pathway is shown. Place the enzymes used in each of the ten labeled steps of the pathway. Be sure to scroll down completely until pyruvate is formed. triosephosphate isomerase phosphofructokinase-1 glucose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-biphosphate ADP ATP ADP hexokinase ATP glucose dihydroxyacetonephosphate phosphohexose isomerase Answer Bank What am I doing wrong? aldolase glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase phosphoglycerate kinase phosphoglycerate mutase enolase pyruvate kinase NAD* + HOPO₂² NADH+H* 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ADP ATP 3-phosphoglycerate Z-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate ADP ATP pyruvatearrow_forwardKinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition (or removal) of a phosphate group to ( or from) a substance. ATP is also involved. How many kinases are in glycolysis? Name them.arrow_forward
- When we break down sucrose in our bodies through the process of digestion, what are hte resulting products? glucose and fructose galactose and fructose fructose and lactose glucose and galactosearrow_forwardWhy is the conversion of lactic acid from the blood into glucose in the liver in an organism’s best interest?arrow_forwardThe nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway has a heptose intermediate. is irreversible under physiological conditions. is impaired in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. is the reverse of the reactions in the oxidative phase.arrow_forward
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