Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 11MC
Transamination is a chemical process by which (a) protein is synthesized, (b) an
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The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates is called (a) glycolysis. (b) lipolysis. (c) gluconeogenesis. (d) beta-oxidation.
What is the reason that amino acid degradation spikes approximately 24 hours after starting a fast?
(A) The brain adapts to using ketone bodies, and amino acids serve as the primary precursors for ketone bodies.(B) Red blood cells begin using amino acids to drive their citric acid cycle.(C) Amino acids are broken down and used to replenish glycogen.
(D) The liver needs to make glucose for brain and RBCs, and amino acids provide the carbon skeleton for gluconeogenesis.(E) The ammonia released from amino acid breakdown is a substrate for b-oxidation, which increases during prolonged fasting.
Olestra, a synthetic fat substitute, consists of a six-carbon backbone with six fatty acids attached to it. Olestra is neither digested nor absorbed.
(a) Explain why olestra would not be absorbed.
(b) What effect could consumption olestra have on the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 23.1 - Why is it important to include cellulose in a...Ch. 23.1 - How does the body use triglycerides? Cholesterol?Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 23.2 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 23.3 - What is a redox reaction?Ch. 23.3 - How are anabolism and catabolism linked by ATP?Ch. 23.3 - What is the energy source for the proton pumps of...
Ch. 23.4 - Briefly, how do substrate-level and oxidative...Ch. 23.4 - What happens in glycolysis if oxygen and pyruvic...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 23.4 - What name is given to the chemical reaction in...Ch. 23.5 - Which part of triglyceride molecules enters...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.5 - What are the products of beta oxidation?Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.6 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.7 - Which three organs or tissues are the primary...Ch. 23.7 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.7 - Which hormone is glucagons main antagonist?Ch. 23.7 - Which event increases both glucagon and insulin...Ch. 23.8 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.8 - What are trans fats and how do they affect LDL and...Ch. 23.9 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.9 - What is the most important long-term regulator of...Ch. 23.10 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.10 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23.11 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 23 - Which of the following reactions would liberate...Ch. 23 - The formation of glucose from glycogen is (a)...Ch. 23 - The net gain of ATP from the complete metabolism...Ch. 23 - Which of the following best defines cellular...Ch. 23 - What is formed during aerobic respiration when...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6MCCh. 23 - Prob. 7MCCh. 23 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9MCCh. 23 - A person has been on a hunger strike for seven...Ch. 23 - Transamination is a chemical process by which (a)...Ch. 23 - Three days after removing the pancreas from an...Ch. 23 - Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity...Ch. 23 - Prob. 14MCCh. 23 - Which of the following yields the greatest caloric...Ch. 23 - What is cellular respiration? What is the common...Ch. 23 - Describe the site, major events, and outcomes of...Ch. 23 - Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 23 - What is meant by body energy balance, and what...Ch. 23 - Explain the effect of the following on metabolic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...
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- Name two end products of protein metabolism. (A) urea and uric acid B vitamin D and vitamin K C) lecithin and uremia D) creatinine and aldosteronearrow_forward(a) Why water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in the diet? Give one example of it.(b) Differentiate between the following:(i) Essential and non-essential amino acids.(ii) Fibrous and globular proteins.arrow_forwardβ-oxidation A) is the second step in the oxidation of glucose. B) is a process used to oxidize fatty acids. C) occurs in the cytoplasm. D) is a process used to digest some polysaccharides. E) lengthens fatty acids by addition of two carbons.arrow_forward
- Glucose is the only carbohydrate that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation?: a.) glycolysis b.) gluconeogenesis or c.) glycogenesis? Explain.arrow_forwardThe first step in glycogenolysis (or the catabolism of glycogen) is the formation of: O A) fructose-1-phosphate. ○ B) fructose-6-phosphate. O C) glucose-1-phosphate. ◇ D) glucose-6-phosphate.arrow_forwardTransamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is _____ a) removed from the amino acid b ) converted to urea c ) transferred to a keto acid d ) transferred to acetyl CoAarrow_forward
- Brown fat is a specialized form of fat that has high levels of mitochondria that contain uncoupling proteins. What does this allow? A) The preferential metabolism of fat. OB) Large amounts of ATP production. C) Generation of heat. OD) Extra glycogen storage capacity.arrow_forwardWhat must occur before a fatty acid can be metabolized by cellular respiration? A)The fatty acids must be linked to glycerol and form a neutral fat. B)The fatty acid must be broken down into acetic acid, a two-carbon molecule. C)The fatty acid chain must be broken down into three-carbon molecules, pyruvic acid. D)The fatty acid must be broken down into amino acids before they can enter the Krebs cycle.arrow_forwardWhen blood glucose levels rise following a meal, the following events occur. Arrange these events in the appropriate sequence.(a) Glucagon is secreted.(b) Glycolysis replenishes ATP supplies.(c) Glucose is absorbed by cells.(d) The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream.(e) Glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) occurs withexcess glucose.(f) Blood levels pass through normal to below normal(hypoglycemic).(g) Insulin levels rise.arrow_forward
- The function of the citric acid cycle is to (a) produce energy during periods of active muscle contraction. (b) break six-carbon chains into three-carbon fragments. (c) prepare the glucose molecule for further reactions. (d) remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.arrow_forwardA complete protein contains: (a) the proper balance of amino acids. (b) all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. (c) a combination of nutrients selected from the food pyramid. (d) N compounds produced by the body.arrow_forwardName a pathway in muscles tissue that you would expect is enhanced (or upregulated) by the presence of adrenaline (aka epinephrine) in your veins (and arteries). a) glycogen breakdown b) glycolysis c) citric acid cycle/Kreb's cycle d) lipid synthesis e) beta oxidationarrow_forward
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