The reason why nitro group changes the relative leaving tendencies of carboxy and 2 , 4 − d i n i t r o p h e n o x y group in the tetrahedral intermediate has to be explained. Concept introduction: Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. Base Catalyst: A catalyst which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the removal of a proton. There are two types of catalysis: 1. Specific-base catalysis: Proton is completely removed before the slow step in a reaction 2. General- base catalysis: Proton is completely removed during the slow step in a reaction Nucleophilic catalysis: A catalysis which takes place due to the formation of a covalent bond by a nucleophile with one of the reactants.

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Chapter 22.7, Problem 12P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason why nitro group changes the relative leaving tendencies of carboxy and 2, 4 − dinitrophenoxy group in the tetrahedral intermediate has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction.

Base Catalyst: A catalyst which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the removal of a proton. There are two types of catalysis:

1. Specific-base catalysis: Proton is completely removed before the slow step in a reaction

2. General- base catalysis: Proton is completely removed during the slow step in a reaction

Nucleophilic catalysis: A catalysis which takes place due to the formation of a covalent bond by a nucleophile with one of the reactants.

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