Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 5TYU

DNA sequences in manv human genes are very similar lo the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that

  • (A) humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent com­mon ancestor.
  • (B) humans evolved from chimpanzees.
  • (C) chimpanzees evolved from humans.
  • (D) convergent evolution led to the DNA similarlties.
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Homology can be defined as the presence of common structures because of shared ancestry. Homology can involve genes, proteins, or anatomical structures. As a result of “descent with modification,” many homologous structures have adapted different purposes. (a) List three anatomical structures in vertebrates that are homologous but have different functions. (b) Is it likely that homologous proteins from different species have the same or similar functions? Explain. (c) Under what circumstances might one expect proteins of similar function to not share homology? Would you expect such proteins to be homologous at the level of DNA sequences?
Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes.  Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals?  Why?
. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.

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