EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780100545939
Author: MCMILLAN
Publisher: YUZU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 5CT
Some desperate cancer patients consume pills or other preparations containing shark cartilage, which the manufacturers tout as an anti-angiogenesis compound. The basis for these claims is the fact that blood vessels do not grow into cartilage. Responsible researchers point out that, regardless of the properties of cartilage, there is no way that eating it could provide any anticancer benefit. Why is this counterargument correct?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Kelly has breast cancer. Her doctors determined her breast cancer wasaggressive, which meant that she needed to undergo chemotherapy. Her doctors recommended a combination of docetaxel (Taxotere®), carboplatin, and trastuzumab (Herceptin®). The following is her blog entry after her second chemo treatment:
As far as chemo symptoms go, the biggest has been fatigue. I was just tired, grumpy, and not my usual, peppy self most of the week. Other very minor things—tiny bit of stomach upset at the beginning of the week, but just enough to make me not feel like eating a big steak, not enough to keep me from eating soup or sandwiches. My scalp felt a little irritated—for the girls out there, itwas the feeling of having my hair in a tight ponytail all day and then letting it down, and the follicles just feel prickly—this is normal for several daysbefore the hair falls out. Also, I have a weird dry mouth feeling, so some things taste a little different. But seriously, these are really minor…
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is, as its name suggests, stored in and secreted by platelets. Platelets release PDGF in the vicinity of wounds as part of their participation in the clotting response. PDGF, in turn, stimulates the proliferation of nearby fibroblasts, which help in the wound healing process. When, however, the PDGF gene is mutated or inappropriately expressed, it can lead to cancer. Why, then, does the wound healing response not lead to similar uncontrolled cell division?
Based on Figure 2, which of the following best supports the claim that drug X inhibits oxygen consumption?
a.In the absence of drug X, melanoma lines 1 and 4 consume similar amounts of oxygen.
b.In the presence of drug X, melanoma line 2 consumes statistically more oxygen per cell than does melanoma line 3.
c.Melanoma line 3 consumes statistically less oxygen per cell in the presence of drug X than it does in the presence of the solvent alone.
d.Melanoma line 2 in the presence of drug X consumes statistically less oxygen than does melanoma line 4 in the absence of drug X.
Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1RQCh. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - Prob. 3RQCh. 22 - Prob. 4RQCh. 22 - Prob. 5RQCh. 22 - Prob. 6RQCh. 22 - Prob. 1SQCh. 22 - Prob. 2SQCh. 22 - Prob. 3SQCh. 22 - Prob. 4SQ
Ch. 22 - Prob. 5SQCh. 22 - Tumor suppressor genes _____. a. occur normally in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7SQCh. 22 - The most common therapeutic approaches to treating...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9SQCh. 22 - Prob. 10SQCh. 22 - Prob. 1CTCh. 22 - A textbook on cancer contains the following...Ch. 22 - Ultimately, cancer kills because it spreads and...Ch. 22 - Over the last few months, your best friend, Mark,...Ch. 22 - Some desperate cancer patients consume pills or...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Amoeboid cells that migrate through our tissues, such as the class of white blood cells known as neutrophils, often do so in a directed manner, triggered, for instance, by chemical signals released by pathogens such as bacteria. Directed migration in response to a chemical stimulus is known as chemotaxis. Part of an efficient chemotactic response is the ability of cells to polarize. As is the case with our structurally-polar polymers like F-actin or microtubules, polarization here refers to an asymmetry in the cells, rather than an electrical charge. In this case, it involves one part of the cell becoming the “front” (or leading edge) and another the rear. In a well-polarized, migrating cell, it’s been observed that an active form of Rac (which, in turn, can activate ARP 2/3) is concentrated towards the front of the cell, whereas an active form of Rho (which, in turn, can activate formin, inhibit cofilin/ADP, and activate myosin II) is found toward the rear of the cell. Based on your…arrow_forwardAmoeboid cells that migrate through our tissues, such as the class of white blood cells known as neutrophils, often do so in a directed manner, triggered, for instance, by chemical signals released by pathogens such as bacteria. Directed migration in response to a chemical stimulus is known as chemotaxis. Part of an efficient chemotactic response is the ability of cells to polarize. As is the case with our structurally-polar polymers like F-actin or microtubules, polarization here refers to an asymmetry in the cells, rather than an electrical charge. In this case, it involves one part of the cell becoming the “front” (or leading edge) and another the rear. In a well-polarized, migrating cell, it’s been observed that an active form of Rac (which, in turn, can activate ARP 2/3) is concentrated towards the front of the cell, whereas an active form of Rho (which, in turn, can activate formin, inhibit ADP, and activate myosin II) is found toward the rear of the cell. Based on your…arrow_forwardYou are studying growth factor GFA, which you know stimulates the proliferation of goblet cells in theintestine.Goblet cells are responsible for producing and secreting mucin, a mixture of glycosaminoglycans thatprotects the intestinal wall.Some patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appear to have fewer goblet cells, thereforeless mucin and less protection from toxins and various other pro-inflammatory factors.These patients also have mutations in the gene encoding the GFA receptor (GFAR) in goblet cells,GFAR is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that autophosphorylates in response to GFA binding, thusbecoming active.QUESTION:explain what changes in GFAR could be caused by these IBD-associatedmutations and why.arrow_forward
- In addition to the many pharmaceutical products available to treat various diseases, there are also many “natural remedies” that may treat the same diseases, though they do not have FDA approval. For example, Dramamine was developed to treat nausea, but many tout ginger as an effective remedy for nausea. Despite the potential of these natural remedies, pharmaceutical companies do not invest in the development of these natural remedies to obtain FDA approval. Explain why this is the case, and what might be a potential solution to this underinvestment.arrow_forwardYou are growing up myoblasts, C2C12 cells, to use in a myogenic study. You are using T-150 flasks with a culture area of 150 cm2 and when confluent contains 2 x 107 cells. 2) You seed a culture of squamous epithelial cells at 8 am on Monday with 1.2 x 105 cells. The next day at 8 am you harvest the cells. You know from past studies that the generation time is 26 hours for this cell line. How many cells do you predict you should have on hand? A) 1.64 x 10^5 cells B) 4.56 x 10^3 cells C) 5.23 x 10^10 cells D) 1.75 x 10^8 cells E) None of thesearrow_forwardThere is a report of a new disease affecting approximately 30% of the persons living in a small rural area of Ontario. Affected individuals have a lack of energy and demonstrate a progressive loss of muscle function. Although we have no information yet, we believe the disease is caused by an infectious agent. Consequently, to limit the spread of this disease, immediate intervention is critical. Blood and muscle tissue samples from unaffected and affected individuals are waiting for you. Microscopy and X-ray crystallography facilities are being readied for your arrival. In order to gain information as quickly as possible, please develop a solid research plan before beginning your investigations. Some possible questions about this new disease could be: Is there evidence of disease at the cellular level? Is the disease caused by an infectious agent? What is the infectious agent? Does the infectious agent attack muscle tissue? How might the infectious agent cause the disease? Is there a…arrow_forward
- You are growing up myoblasts, C2C12 cells, to use in a myogenic study. You are using T-150 flasks with a culture area of 150 cm^2 and when confluent contains 2 x 10^7 cells. Question: You seed a culture of squamous epithelial cells at 8 am on Monday with 1.2 x 10^5 cells. The next day at 8 am you harvest the cells. You know from past studies that the generation time is 26 hours for this cell line. How many cells do you predict you should have on hand? A) 1.64 x 10^5 cells B) 4.56 x 10^3 cells C) 5.23 x 10^10 cells D) 1.75 x 10^8 cells E) None of thesearrow_forwardYou are growing up myoblasts, C2C12 cells, to use in a myogenic study. You are using T-150 flasks with a culture area of 150 cm^2 and when confluent contains 2 x 10^7 cells. Question: You seed a culture at 8 am on Monday with 5 x 10^5 cells. Assume all survive, a generation time of 18 hours and all cells are actively dividing. When would you expect them to be confluent? A) 7:24 AM on Saturday B) 8 pm on Tuesday C) 8 am on Tuesday D) 9 pm on Thursday E) 12:48 pm on Wednesday F) They won't grow that longarrow_forwardPlasmin is an essential enzyme for clot breakdown (hydrolysis of fibrin protein to Fibrinogen degradation product (FDP)) as shown in the figure below. tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of plasminogen to plasmin. Cardiovascular disorders such, as heart attack and stroke are among the top ten causes of death. Stroke patients, under certain circumstances, have better outcomes when treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In humans, the PLAT gene codes the tPA protein, and is expressed only in endothelial cells that line the blood vessels. plasmin → fibrinolysis FDP tPA fibrin plasminogen a. How do you think the PLAT gene expression is specifically regulated only in the endothelial cells? Provide two specific explanations. Explain briefly. b. Considering the therapeutic potential of tPA, you and your friend want to produce a large amount of human tPA using recombinant technologies. You suggest cloning the intact human PLAT gene in bacteria to express it and…arrow_forward
- 1) A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components. B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted. C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.arrow_forwardThe virus SARS-CoV-2 which causes covid-19 has quite flexible nail protein. Make a simplified biomechanical equilibrium model based on the black and white card (electron microscopy). Assume that C is a pin joint. Joint B is described as a torsion spring with force pair moment M = κα, where α is the angle in radians. Suppose further that force from above can be modeled as gravity in A, and that the medium acts as a vertical roller support at R. Dimensions: LBC = 100 nm, LAB = 2LBC. The angle θ = 10◦ . a) If m = 10 milligrams, what is the “stiffness” κ, in fNm / row? (milligram = 10−6 kg, n = nano = 10−9 , f = femto = 10−15.) (5p) b) If m = 10 milligrams, what is the amount of force from the medium (The "roller support")?arrow_forwardA new type of cancer has been diagnosed in Patient XYZ. In order to screen in vitro efficacy of some novel compounds against this new cancer Mr. Shehzad cultured the cells from the tumor biopsy. What will be the properties of these cells in tissue? What steps should he follow to convert these cells into immortal cells? What will be the significance of this artificially manipulated cells?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is cancer? What causes cancer and how is it treated? *UPDATE*; Author: Cancer Treatment Centers of America - CTCA;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N1Sk3aiSCE;License: Standard Youtube License