
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A possible template strand (
Concept Introduction:
The first step of the synthesis of proteins using the information in DNA is transcription.
During transcription, the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA takes place.
Only one DNA strand is needed for RNA synthesis, thus the double helix of DNA unwinds during transcription. The strand used for the RNA synthesis is called the template strand. The other strand (the non-template strand) is called the informational strand and does not involve in the RNA synthesis. The informational strand of DNA is complementary to the template strand.
The informational strand of DNA is complementary to the template strand; meaning the base sequence of the informational strand consists of the complementary base sequence of the template strand.
complementary base pairs:
Adenine pairs with thymine (A−T base pair).
Cytosine pairs with guanine (C−G base pair).
In addition, the direction of the two strands in the same DNA has different directions. Therefore, if the template strand goes from 3' to 5', the informational strand goes from 5' to 3'.
The mRNA synthesized from transcription has a complementary sequence to the DNA template from which it is prepared. Since the informational strand of DNA is complementary to the template strand, the mRNA is an exact copy of the informational strand, the only exception is that the base T present in the informational strand is replaced by U on the RNA strand.
The information needed to prepare a polypeptide is in the mRNA strand. Each sequence of three nucleotides (which is called a triplet or a codon) in the mRNA strand codes for a specific amino acid, except for three triplets: UAA, UAG, and UGA do not correspond to any amino acids and they are called stop codons because they signal the termination of protein synthesis.
Based on the codon sequence of the mRNA strand, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide strand can be determined.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings specific amino acids to add to the synthesizing peptide chain. Each individual tRNA contains an anticodon of three nucleotides that is complementary to the codon in mRNA.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM
- consider the rate of the reaction below to be r. Whats the rate after each reaction? Br + NaCN CN + NaBr a. Double the concentration of alkyl bromide b. Halve the concentration of the electrophile & triple concentration of cyanide c. Halve the concentration of alkyl chloridearrow_forwardPredict the organic reactant that is involved in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactant. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forward
- What is the organic molecule X of the following acetal hydrolysis? Please draw a skeletal line structure and include a detailed explanation and drawing of how the mechanism proceeds. Please include any relevant information that is needed to understand the process of acetal hydrolysis.arrow_forwardWhat are is the organic molecule X and product Y of the following acetal hydrolysis? Please draw a skeletal line structure and include a detailed explanation and drawing of how the mechanism proceeds. Please include any relevant information that is needed to understand the process of acetal hydrolysis.arrow_forwardAt 300 K, in the decomposition reaction of a reactant R into products, several measurements of the concentration of R over time have been made (see table). Without using graphs, calculate the order of the reaction. t/s [R]/(mol L-1) 0 0,5 171 0,16 720 0,05 1400 0,027arrow_forward
- Predict the organic products that form in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forwardWhat are the products of the following acetal hydrolysis? Please draw a skeletal line structure and include a detailed explanation and drawing of how the mechanism proceeds. Please include any relevant information that is needed to understand the process of acetal hydrolysis.arrow_forward
- What would happen if you added the HCI to the Grignard reagent before adding benzophenone? Draw a reaction mechanism to support your answer.arrow_forwardAt 300 K, in the decomposition reaction of a reactant R into products, several measurements of the concentration of R over time have been made (see table). Calculate the order of the reaction. t/s [R]/ (mol L-1) 0 0,5 171 0,16 720 0,05 1400 0,027arrow_forwardWrite the correct IUPAC names of the molecules in the picturearrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning




