Using crystal field theory, the crystal field energy diagram of low-spin complex [ R u ( N H 3 ) 5 H 2 O ] 2 + has to be drawn and the number of unpaired electrons in it has to be identified. Concept Introduction: There are five d-orbitals in a metal ion. They have similar energy levels that they are degenerated. Under the influence of ligands during complex formation, the degeneracy in d-orbitals is destroyed that they are split into two sets of orbitals - one set having lower energy and the another set is higher in energy. Crystal field splitting refers to the difference in energy levels between these two sets of d-orbitals. When ligands approach the metal ion the degeneracy in d-orbitals of the metal ion is destroyed and they split into two different energy levels. In case of octahedral complex, the d x 2 − y 2 a n d d z 2 orbitals occupy higher energy level and the d x y , d x z , d y z orbitals occupy lower energy level. The energy gap between these two set of orbitals is termed as crystal field splitting energy.

Question

Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

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Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.90QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using crystal field theory, the crystal field energy diagram of low-spin complex [Ru(NH3)5H2O]2+ has to be drawn and the number of unpaired electrons in it has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

There are five d-orbitals in a metal ion. They have similar energy levels that they are degenerated. Under the influence of ligands during complex formation, the degeneracy in d-orbitals is destroyed that they are split into two sets of orbitals - one set having lower energy and the another set is higher in energy. Crystal field splitting refers to the difference in energy levels between these two sets of d-orbitals.

When ligands approach the metal ion the degeneracy in d-orbitals of the metal ion is destroyed and they split into two different energy levels. In case of octahedral complex, the dx2−y2and dz2 orbitals occupy higher energy level and the dxy,dxz,dyz orbitals occupy lower energy level. The energy gap between these two set of orbitals is termed as crystal field splitting energy.

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