The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated. Concept introduction: In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

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Instructions: Complete the questions in the space provided. Show all your work 1. You are trying to determine the rate law expression for a reaction that you are completing at 25°C. You measure the initial reaction rate and the starting concentrations of the reactions for 4 trials. BrO³¯ (aq) + 5Br¯ (aq) + 6H* (aq) → 3Br₂ (l) + 3H2O (l) Initial rate Trial [BrO3] [H*] [Br] (mol/L) (mol/L) | (mol/L) (mol/L.s) 1 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 2 0.20 0.10 0.10 16 3 0.10 0.20 0.10 16 4 0.10 0.10 0.20 32 a. Based on the above data what is the rate law expression? b. Solve for the value of k (make sure to include proper units) 2. The proposed reaction mechanism is as follows: i. ii. BrО¸¯ (aq) + H+ (aq) → HBrO3 (aq) HBrO³ (aq) + H* (aq) → H₂BrO3* (aq) iii. H₂BrO³* (aq) + Br¯ (aq) → Br₂O₂ (aq) + H2O (l) [Fast] [Medium] [Slow] iv. Br₂O₂ (aq) + 4H*(aq) + 4Br‍(aq) → 3Br₂ (l) + H2O (l) [Fast] Evaluate the validity of this proposed reaction. Justify your answer.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

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Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 22.74SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to a conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds required for the condensation to synthesis the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Michael addition is a conjugate addition or 1,4-addition of a resonance stablised carbanion to conjugated double bond. The conjugate double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone or ester acts as a Michael acceptor. The carbanion acts as the Michael donor.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 22.2A - Prob. 22.2P Ch. 22.4 - Without looking back, propose a mechanism for the...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8P Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.9P Ch. 22.5A - Prob. 22.10P Ch. 22.5A - Prob. 22.11P Ch. 22.5B - Prob. 22.12P Ch. 22.5B - Predict the products of the following reactions....Ch. 22.5B - Which compounds will give positive iodoform tests?...Ch. 22.5C - Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the compounds required for condensation to synthesise the given compound are to be stated.

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Chapter 22 Solutions