Chapter 22, Problem 22.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The products that are formed by the reaction of X with ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Aldehydes or ketones on reaction with one equivalent of alcohol form hemiacetal and on reaction with two equivalents of alcohol it forms acetals. This is nucleophilic addition reaction.

The hydrolysis of acetals takes place in the presence of acids only not with the base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The products that are formed by the reaction of X with $\text{NaOH}$, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Aldehydes or ketones on reaction with one equivalent of alcohol form hemiacetal and on reaction with two equivalents of alcohol it forms acetals. This is nucleophilic addition reaction.

The hydrolysis of acetals takes place in the presence of acids only not with the base.