Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 13RQ
Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gramnegative because of differences in the cell
- wall
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- chromosome
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Describe the difference between Gram(-) and Gram (+) bacteria. Specifically focus on the differences associated with the cell wall and membrane regions.
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
Microbiologists use the Gram stain to differentiate among two groups of bacteria. How do Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria differ?
Question 1 options:
the presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
the presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall
the presence or absence of outer plasma membrane
the lipid composition of plasma membrane
none of the above.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 22 - Figure 22.8 Compared to free-floating bacteria,...Ch. 22 - Figure 22.16 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 22 - Figure 22.19 Which of the following statements...Ch. 22 - The first forms of life on Earth were thought to...Ch. 22 - Microbial mats. are the earliest forms of life on...Ch. 22 - The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere...Ch. 22 - Halophiles are organisms that require a salt...Ch. 22 - Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a...Ch. 22 - The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a...Ch. 22 - Which of the following consist of prokaryotic...
Ch. 22 - The cell wall is ___________ . interior to the...Ch. 22 - Organisms most likely to be found in extreme...Ch. 22 - Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gramnegative...Ch. 22 - Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the...Ch. 22 - The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) is a...Ch. 22 - Which of the following elements is not a...Ch. 22 - Prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical...Ch. 22 - Ammonification is the process by which. ammonia is...Ch. 22 - Plants use carbon dioxide from the air and are...Ch. 22 - Cyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through...Ch. 22 - A disease that is constantly present in a...Ch. 22 - Which of the statements about biofilms is...Ch. 22 - Which of these statements is true? An antibiotic...Ch. 22 - A person in England arrives at a medical clinic...Ch. 22 - MRSA has emerged as a serious infectious disease,...Ch. 22 - Which of these occurs through symbiotic nitrogen...Ch. 22 - Synthetic compounds found in an organism but not...Ch. 22 - Bioremediation includes. the use of prokaryotes...Ch. 22 - In addition to providing yogurt with its unique...Ch. 22 - Describe briefly how you would detect the presence...Ch. 22 - Why do scientists believe that the first organisms...Ch. 22 - A new bacterial species is discovered and...Ch. 22 - Mention three differences between bacteria and...Ch. 22 - Explain the statement that both types, bacteria...Ch. 22 - A scientist isolates a new species of prokaryote...Ch. 22 - Think about the conditions (temperature, light,...Ch. 22 - Farmers continually rotate the crops grown in...Ch. 22 - Imagine a region of soil became contaminated,...Ch. 22 - Explain the reason why the imprudent and excessive...Ch. 22 - Researchers have discovered that washing spinach...Ch. 22 - Your friend believes that prokaryotes are always...Ch. 22 - Many people use antimicrobial soap to kill...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Give the functions of the following bacterial structures. Granules Pili Flagella Endospores Capsulearrow_forwardAll of the following are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria EXCEPT: None of the other four answers (all are correctly matched and can be found in bacteria) Nucleus membrane-bound organelle containing multiple chromosomes Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis Cell wall contains peptidoglycan Cell (plasma) membrane - encloses cytoplasm; phospholipid bilayer with proteinsarrow_forwardOne major difference in the envelope structure between gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic membrane. True or false?arrow_forward
- In the Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are dark purple for all the following reasons EXCEPT: The primary stain, crystal violet, is dark purple The counterstain (safranin) causes the purple color to develop Thick peptidoglycan in the gram-positive cell wall prevents decolorization by alcohol Crystal violet is fixed inside the cell as a CV-Iodine complex once iodine is added None of the other four answers (All are reasons that gram-positive bacteria are purplearrow_forwardWhich of the following statement/s is/are true about gram negative bacteria Cell wall has thin peptidoglycan layer Cell wall lipid content is very low Lipopolyscharride layer is present All of the abovearrow_forwardIn the Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria appear red for all the following reasons EXCEPT: They stain with safranin because they are colorless at the step where it is added Safranin is a red stain None of the other four answers (all are true) The peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls is too thin to retain the crystal violet-iodine complex when the decolorizer (alcohol) is added The gram-negative cells' outer lipopolysaccharide layer (outer membrane) prevents their being stained by crystal violet in the first steparrow_forward
- Which of the following statement/s is/are true about gram positive bacteria Cell wall has thick peptidoglycan layer Cell wall lipid content is very low Lipopolyscharride layer is absent All of the abovearrow_forwardDifferential staining of bacteria on Gram staining is due to? difference in the cell structure of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria difference in the mode of nutrition of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria NOTA difference in the cell wall layer components of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteriaarrow_forwardList three differences between gram positive and gram negative bacteria besides the color difference when they are stained.arrow_forward
- What type of cell is circled in black? Hint: This is a single cell.arrow_forwardA pilus could be used for all of the following except: C Motility Attaching to a surface Conjugation Strengthening the cell envelope )arrow_forwardAn acid-fast stain can be used to detect protective coverings found in using light microscopy. organisms incorporating mycolic acid in the cell wall organisms forming endospores organisms with capsules organisms with Gram-negative cell wallsarrow_forward
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc;License: Standard youtube license