Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133953982
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A./
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 10OQ
To determine
The efficiency of the engine.
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An electrical power station uses 1.68 x 1014 J of heat input with an efficiency of 29.7%.
(a) How much work is done?
(b) How much waste heat is produced by the station?
(c) What is the ratio of waste heat to work output?
waste heat
work output
As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 16,000 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 4,000 J of work.
(a) What is the engine's efficiency (in percent)?
%
(b) The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,100°F (2,500 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 82°F (301 K). What is the Carnot efficiency (in percent) of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?
%
As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 13,600 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,400 J of work.
(a) What is the engine's efficiency (in percent)?
%
(b) The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,100°F (2,500 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 90°F (305 K). What is the Carnot efficiency (in percent)
of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers With Modern Physics
Ch. 22.1 - The energy input to an engine is 4.00 times...Ch. 22.2 - The energy entering an electric heater by...Ch. 22.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 22.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 22.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 22.7 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1OQCh. 22 - Prob. 2OQCh. 22 - Prob. 3OQCh. 22 - Of the following, which is not a statement of the...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 5OQCh. 22 - Prob. 6OQCh. 22 - Prob. 7OQCh. 22 - Prob. 8OQCh. 22 - Prob. 9OQCh. 22 - Prob. 10OQCh. 22 - The arrow OA in the PV diagram shown in Figure...Ch. 22 - The energy exhaust from a certain coal-fired...Ch. 22 - Discuss three different common examples of natural...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - The first law of thermodynamics says you cant...Ch. 22 - Energy is the mistress of the Universe, and...Ch. 22 - (a) Give an example of an irreversible process...Ch. 22 - The device shown in Figure CQ22.7, called a...Ch. 22 - A steam-driven turbine is one major component of...Ch. 22 - Discuss the change in entropy of a gas that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10CQCh. 22 - Prob. 11CQCh. 22 - (a) If you shake a jar full of jelly beans of...Ch. 22 - What are some factors that affect the efficiency...Ch. 22 - A particular heat engine has a mechanical power...Ch. 22 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 22 - A heat engine takes in 360 J of energy from a hot...Ch. 22 - A gun is a heat engine. In particular, it is an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10PCh. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - How much work does an ideal Carnot refrigerator...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - Prob. 28PCh. 22 - A heat engine operates in a Carnot cycle between...Ch. 22 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - Prob. 39PCh. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 22 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54PCh. 22 - Prob. 55PCh. 22 - Prob. 56APCh. 22 - Prob. 57APCh. 22 - A steam engine is operated in a cold climate where...Ch. 22 - Prob. 59APCh. 22 - Prob. 60APCh. 22 - Prob. 61APCh. 22 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 63APCh. 22 - Prob. 64APCh. 22 - Prob. 65APCh. 22 - Prob. 66APCh. 22 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 68APCh. 22 - Prob. 69APCh. 22 - Prob. 70APCh. 22 - Prob. 71APCh. 22 - Prob. 72APCh. 22 - Prob. 73APCh. 22 - A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 22 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 22 - Prob. 76APCh. 22 - Prob. 77APCh. 22 - Prob. 78APCh. 22 - A sample of an ideal gas expands isothermally,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 80APCh. 22 - Prob. 81CP
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- Show that the coefficients of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps are related by COPref=COPhp1. Start with the definitions of the COP s and the conservation of energy relationship between Qh, QC, and W.arrow_forwardA heat engine extracts 45.0 kJ from the hot reservoir and exhausts 40.0 kJ into the cold reservoir. What are the work done and the efficiency?arrow_forwardIn performing 154.0 J of work, an engine exhausts 65.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the engine? e = 29arrow_forward
- In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine discharges 50.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the engine?arrow_forwardA typical coal-fired power plant burns 340 metric tons of coal every hour to generate 2.5 × 106 MJ of energy. One metric ton has a mass of 1000 kg and a metric ton of coal has a volume of 1.5 m^3. The heat of combustion is 28 MJ/kg. What is the power plant’s efficiency?arrow_forwardAs a gasoline engine is running, the amount of gasoline containing 15,000J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,000J of work. The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 2500 K. The waste heat from the engine flows into the air at about 300 K. What is the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forward
- please answer the following As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 12,000 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 4,000 J of work. What is the engine's efficiency (in percent)? The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,300°F (2,600 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 88°F (304 K). What is the Carnot efficiency (in percent) of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forwardA heat engine receives 500 j of heat from its combustion process and loses 391 J through the exhaust and friction. What is it’s efficiency?arrow_forwardA heat engine takes in 2500J and does 1500J of work. a) How much energy is expelled as waste? b) What is the efficiency of the engine?arrow_forward
- Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy reservoirs, one a pool of molten aluminum (660°C) and the other a block of solid mercury (−38.9°C). The engine runs by freezing 1.40 g of aluminum and melting 16.0 g of mercury during each cycle. The heat of fusion of aluminum is 3.97 105 J/kg; the heat of fusion of mercury is 1.18 104 J/kg. What is the efficiency of this engine? %arrow_forwardDuring a cyclic process, a heat engine absorbs 550 J of heat from a hot reservoir, does work and ejects an amount of heat 350 J into the surroundings (cold reservoir). Calculate the efficiency of the heat engine? Group of answer choices 0.4646 0.3636 0.2456 0.4578arrow_forwardA coal-fired power station is a huge heat engine. It uses heat transfer from burning coal to do work to turn turbines, which are used to generate electricity. In a single day, a large coal power station has 2.50×1014 J of heat transfer from coal and 1.48×1014 J of heat transfer into the environment. (a) What is the work done by the power station? (b) What is the efficiency of the power station?(c) In the combustion process, the following chemical reaction occurs: C + O2 → CO2 .This implies that every 12 kg of coal puts 12 kg + 16 kg + 16 kg = 44 kg of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Assuming that 1 kg of coal can provide 2.5×106 J of heat transfer upon combustion, how much CO2 is emitted per day by this power plant?arrow_forward
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