Microbiology: A Systems Approach
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402437
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21.4, Problem 12AYP
Compare and contrast antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza viruses.
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c) Discuss 'antigenic drift' and 'antigenic shift' in the influenza virus and explain how such
mutations can result in an epidemic.
Describe antigenic drift and antigenic shift and discuss how they affect the epidemiology of influenza.
Briefly describe how antigenic shifts occur and can lead to the generation of pandemic influenza
viruses.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 21.4 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 21.4 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 21.4 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 21.4 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 21.4 - Plan a response for a situation in which a patient...Ch. 21.4 - Compare and contrast antigenic drift and antigenic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2CFCh. 21.5 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 21 - Prob. 1CFCh. 21 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 21 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 21 - Which is not a characteristic of Streptococcus...Ch. 21 - The common stain used to identify Mycobacterium...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 21 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 21 - Which of the following infections often has a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 21 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 21 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 21 - Prob. 11TFCh. 21 - Prob. 12TFCh. 21 - Prob. 13TFCh. 21 - Prob. 14TFCh. 21 - Prob. 15TFCh. 21 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 21 - In an episode of the television show House. Dr....Ch. 21 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 10CTQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21 - Prob. 4CCCh. 21 - Prob. 1VCCh. 21 - Prob. 2VCCh. 21 - Prob. 1CM
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- Make an outline about the mechanism of influenza virus type c and d and explain it in detail.arrow_forwardDescribe two advantages of an attenuated vaccine over an inactivated one.arrow_forwardIt is observed that there is a decrease in the antibody level against Wuhan strain of virus but an increase in antibodies against the Beta variant and Omicron variant. explain how this occurred?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast host mechanisms that restrict virus infection by specifically interacting with viral gene products of SARS-COV-2 and Influenza Type A Virus.arrow_forwardList three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.arrow_forwardThe emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of African and Asian countries, revealing that there are now more children being paralyzed by viruses originating in vaccines than in the wild. Viral contamination of a biological may arise from many factors, from handling to the origin of the materials used in the cell culture. a What could be the reason for the outbreak in those countries? D) The method of producing attenuated “live" vaccines involve passing the disease- tausing virus through a series of cell cultures or animal embryos (typically chick embryos). Explain the procedure in details and cite the reason why the method involve passing a virus through a non-human host?arrow_forward
- Explain the HxNx designation of an influenza virus. How does x change?arrow_forwardWhy is an HIV vaccine needed? Describe and explain in detailarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning antigenic drift in influenza viruses is correct? A-It results in major antigenic changes B-It affects predominantly the matrix protein C-It is exhibited by only influenza A viruses D-It is due to frame shift mutations in viral genes E-It results in new sub types over timearrow_forward
- Explain why the authors believe that plasma cells are implicated in the infection and recovery of patients with the corona virus.arrow_forwardExplain how antigenic drift in the hemagglutinin influenza gene can affect vaccine effectiveness.arrow_forwardDescribe how the antigenic components of current viral vaccines are produced and describe the process that may be followed to prepare a vaccine for the “novel Coronavirus”.arrow_forward
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