The skeletal formula for all the possible dibromo addition products of pentenes is to be determined. Concept introduction: The skeletal formula of the compound is the simplest representation of the compound. It gives information about the bonding between the groups. The skeletal structure also known as a line-angle structure. In addition reaction two molecules react to form a larger molecule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons ( alkenes and alkynes ) have carbon-carbon multiple bonds and thus undergo addition reaction. Alkenes and alkynes have the capability of adding atoms of a molecule to the carbon-carbon double or triple bond respectively and give corresponding alkanes.

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 21, Problem 54E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeletal formula for all the possible dibromo addition products of pentenes is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The skeletal formula of the compound is the simplest representation of the compound. It gives information about the bonding between the groups. The skeletal structure also known as a line-angle structure.

In addition reaction two molecules react to form a larger molecule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) have carbon-carbon multiple bonds and thus undergo addition reaction. Alkenes and alkynes have the capability of adding atoms of a molecule to the carbon-carbon double or triple bond respectively and give corresponding alkanes.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 21, Problem 54E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeletal formula for all the possible dibromo addition products of pentenes is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The skeletal formula of the compound is the simplest representation of the compound. It gives information about the bonding between the groups. The skeletal structure also known as a line-angle structure.

In addition reaction two molecules react to form a larger molecule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) have carbon-carbon multiple bonds and thus undergo addition reaction. Alkenes and alkynes have the capability of adding atoms of a molecule to the carbon-carbon double or triple bond respectively and give corresponding alkanes.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 21, Problem 54E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeletal formula for all the possible dibromo addition products of pentenes is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The skeletal formula of the compound is the simplest representation of the compound. It gives information about the bonding between the groups. The skeletal structure also known as a line-angle structure.

In addition reaction two molecules react to form a larger molecule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) have carbon-carbon multiple bonds and thus undergo addition reaction. Alkenes and alkynes have the capability of adding atoms of a molecule to the carbon-carbon double or triple bond respectively and give corresponding alkanes.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 21, Problem 54E

Interpretation Introduction