DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118987674
Author: J. T. Black, Ronald A. Kohser
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 2RQ
What variables must be considered in understanding a machining process?
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2. In order to meet the requirements of machining quality, efficiency and economy, how to arrange the machining
process of a mechanical part?
a) Define specific energy for plane strain machining (cutting).
b) In plane-strain orthogonal machining, the two main sources of energy dissipation are deformation along the shear plane (~70%) and friction at the tool-chip contact along the rake face (~30%). Consider plane-strain machining of a rigid perfectly-plastic work material whose uniaxial yield stress is 700 MPa, and is independent of strain rate and temperature. A tool of zero-degree rake angle is employed. Measurements showed the (deformed) chip thickness to be twice that of the undeformed chip thickness. Based on the aforementioned distribution of energy, estimate the specific energy for this process.
METAL CUTTING
Chapter 21 Solutions
DeGarmo's Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
Ch. 21 - Why has the metal-cutting process resisted...Ch. 21 - What variables must be considered in understanding...Ch. 21 - Which of the seven basic chip formation processes...Ch. 21 - How is feed related to speed in the machining...Ch. 21 - Before you select speed and feed for a machining...Ch. 21 - Milling has two feeds. What are they, and which...Ch. 21 - What is the fundamental mechanism of chip...Ch. 21 - What is the difference between oblique machining...Ch. 21 - What are the implications of Figure 21.13, given...Ch. 21 - Note that the units for the approximate equation...
Ch. 21 - For orthogonal machining, the cutting edge radius...Ch. 21 - How do the magnitude of the strain and strain rate...Ch. 21 - Why is titanium such a difficult metal to machine?...Ch. 21 - Explain why you get segmented or discontinuous...Ch. 21 - Why is metal cutting shear stress such an...Ch. 21 - Which of the three cutting forces in oblique...Ch. 21 - How is the energy in a machining process typically...Ch. 21 - Where does the energy consumed in metal cutting...Ch. 21 - What are two ways of estimating the primary...Ch. 21 - What are the three different ways to perform...Ch. 21 - Why does the cutting force Fc increase with...Ch. 21 - Why doesnt the cutting force Fc increase with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23RQCh. 21 - How does the selection of the machining parameters...Ch. 21 - Suppose you had a machining operation (boring)...Ch. 21 - Make a sketch like that shown in Figure 21.1 with...Ch. 21 - Show how you would do near orthogonal machining in...Ch. 21 - Can you do orthogonal machining on a shaper or...Ch. 21 - What process and material combination would yield...Ch. 21 - What is meant by the statement that machining...Ch. 21 - Prob. 31RQCh. 21 - Figure 21.4 provides suggested cutting speeds and...Ch. 21 - For problem 1, suppose you selected a speed of 145...Ch. 21 - If the cutting forces is 1000 lb calculate the...Ch. 21 - Explain how you would estimate the cutting force...Ch. 21 - For a turning operation, you have selected a...Ch. 21 - For a slab milling operation using a...Ch. 21 - The power required to machine metal is related to...Ch. 21 - In order to drill a hole in the material described...Ch. 21 - Suppose you have the data in Table 21.A obtained...Ch. 21 - Calculate the horsepower that a process is going...Ch. 21 - Explain how you would estimate the cutting force...Ch. 21 - Derive equations for F and N using the circular...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - A manufacturing engineer needs an estimate of the...Ch. 21 - Using Figure 21.4 for input data, determine the...Ch. 21 - Estimate the horsepower needed to remove metal at...Ch. 21 - For a turning process, the horsepower required was...
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- i need the answer quicklyarrow_forwardQUESTION 2 Tool life is the most important factor in the evaluation of machinability. Tool life can be defined as the period of time which the tool cuts effectively and efficiently. A cutting tool should have a long tool life. On the other hand, the cutting speed decreases the tool life due to the abrasive action that occurs between the cutting tool and materials. The increase in cutting speed will decrease the machining time, thus reduce the total machining cost. Justify what actions should be taken to increase the tool life and at the same time shorten the machining time.arrow_forward1. What are the factors that affect the machining quality (including machining accuracy and surface quality)?arrow_forward
- Investigate the non-traditional machining methods. Describe each in your own words and sketch out the process and appropriate scale (inches/microns etc). Then tabulate the material removal mechanism, workpiece materials, applications, costs/speed, advantages and limitations/disadvantages of each. The slides are for your starting point. List references, articles, videos, etc... Mechanical Methods 1. Water Jet Machining (WJM) 2. Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) 3. Ultrasonic Machining (USM) Non-Mechanical Methods 1. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) 2. Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) 3. Wire EDM 4. Laser Drilling 5. Electron beam machining (EBM)arrow_forwardI need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forward2. The following data was obtained from an orthogonal cutting test: Rake angle = 20° Cutting speed = 100 m/min Chip length before cutting = 29.4 mm Chip length after cutting = 12.9 mm Vertical cutting force 1050 N Horizontal cutting force = 630 N Using Merchant's analysis, calculate (a) resultant force (c) friction force and friction angle (b) shear plane angle (d) total work donearrow_forward
- (a) Modern Machining Processes (MMP) is an alternative machining process which traditional cutting tools are not used. Instead, energy at its direct form is utilized to machine work piece. Briefly describe the three (3) categories of modern machining and at least two (2) reasons when its needs to use EDM and USM in machining process.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is one of the disadvantages of machining methods? 1-Variety of machinable part material 2-Variety of piece shapes and special geometric fomms 3-High dimensional accuracy and surface quality (Aşağıdakilerden hangisi talaşlı imalat yöntemlerinin dezavantajlarındand ir? 1-İşlenebilen parça malzemesinin çeşitliliği 2-Parça şekillerinin ve özel geometrik formların çeşitliliği 3-Yüksek boyutsal doğruluk ve yüzey kalitesi ) 16 - O A) Only 3 (Yalnız 3) B) Only 1 (Yalnız 1) ) None (Hiçbiri) O D All (Heps i) O E Only 2((Yalnz 2)arrow_forward(a) Draw and label the basic orthogonal cutting process model. The diagram must include cutting direction, shear plane, chip formation and all relevant angles. (b) An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried out under the following conditions: depth of cut, to = 0.1 mm, chip thickness, to 0.2 mm, width of cut = 4 mm, cutting speed, v = 3 m/s, rake angle, a = 10°, Cutting force, Fo = 5000 N, and Thrust force, Fi= 200 N. Calculate the percentage of the total energy that is dissipated in the shear plane of cutting process. *)arrow_forward
- Question 1: Explain the following terms and situations in metal cutting. Give enough explanation with figures if it is necessary. a) Up and down milling operations. What are the effects on the workpiece surface finish and machine tool? b) Orthogonal and oblique cutting. c) Cutting force diagram in orthogonal cutting. d) Theoretical prediction of shear angle in orthogonal cutting. e) Machinability. f) Force and chatter vibrations. How can you detect the vibration during the machining? How can you decide which type of the vibration you have? g) Mode shapes. Mode coupling. h) Process damping. Which parameters can affect the process damping? i) j) Regenerative chatter vibrations. k) Stability lobes. Question 2: How will the cutting force be affected by the following situations during the machining operation? Why? a) Large rake angle b) Small relief angle c) Large nose radius d) Sharp cutting edge e) Smooth rake face f) Hard workpiece material g) High cutting speed h) Large feed rate i)…arrow_forwardFast pleasearrow_forwardIdentify some of the reasons why machining is commercially and technologically important.arrow_forward
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