Chapter 21, Problem 2LGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for biosynthetic steps involving and water to explain how two cyclization steps could occur, is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Vanadium complexes are present in water bodies and they are used to convert halide anions into cations in presence of hydrogen peroxides. These enzymes are known as halo peroxidases.

These vanadium complexes were discovered in the aquatic animals.