An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated. Concept introduction: At 25 ° C , methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point ( 39.5 ° C ) and has a high vapour pressure ( 57.7 kPa ) . It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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-AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.62SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and an explanation for the rose in pressure and temperature dramatically are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

At 25 °C, methyl isocyanate is a volatile liquid, has a low boiling point (39.5 °C) and has a high vapour pressure (57.7 kPa). It is highly toxic in nature that irritate throat and nose.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water in the Bhopal gas accident is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A mechanism of the reaction between methyl isocyanate and water comprises two steps. The first step is nucleophilic attack of water molecule on the carbonyl carbon followed by formation of an acid. The second step is cleavage of the bond between carbonyl carbon and nitrogen by deprotonation of acid and protonation of amine (exchange of proton).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An alternative synthesis of Sevin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (prepared from carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author states the equation for the reaction that took place in the tank of methyl isocyanate with water (Bhopal gas accident) and explains the rise in pressure and temperature dramatically.

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Chapter 21 Solutions