The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained. Concept introduction: Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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4. Provide a clear arrow-pushing mechanism for each of the following reactions. Do not skip proton transfers, do not combine steps, and make sure your arrows are clear enough to be interpreted without ambiguity. a. 2. 1. LDA 3. H3O+ HO

b. H3C CH3 H3O+ ✓ H OH

2. Provide reagents/conditions to accomplish the following syntheses. More than one step is required in some cases. a. CH3

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of saponification by considering the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction.

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Chapter 21 Solutions