The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained. Concept introduction: Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

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Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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