The major product of the given reaction is to be stated. Concept introduction: The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone . The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol with the use of diethyl carbonate and ethyl bromide as organic reagents is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an ester into tertiary alcohol through tetrahedral intermediate. The Grignard reaction takes place in three steps. The first step is addition of Grignard reagent. The second is elimination of alkoxide followed by formation of ketone. The third step is addition of another Grignard reagent followed by formation of an alkoxide. The fourth step is hydrolysis of an alkoxide to yield tertiary alcohols.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of Lexan with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of phosgene and the preparation of Sevin (an insecticide) with the use of diethyl carbonate instead of methyl isocyanate are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Diethyl carbonate is an ester (carbonic acid and ethanol). It is a liquid reagent that is easy to handle. However, phosgene is a corrosive and highly toxic. Diethyl carbonate successfully replaces phosgene in the synthesis of Lexan and Sevin.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the reaction of an ester with excess Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis converts an estr into tertiary alcohol.

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