The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained. Concept introduction: Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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In the solid state, oxalic acid occurs as a dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4 C+2H2O. Use this formula to calculate the formula weight of oxalic acid. Use the calculated formula weight and the number of moles (0.00504mol) of oxalic acid in each titrated unknown sample recorded in Table 6.4 to calculate the number of grams of pure oxalic acid dihydrate contained in each titrated unknown sample.

1. Consider a pair of elements with 2p and 4p valence orbitals (e.g., N and Se). Draw their (2p and 4p AO's) radial probability plots, and sketch their angular profiles. Then, consider these orbitals from the two atoms forming a homonuclear л-bond. Which element would have a stronger bond, and why? (4 points)

Write the reaction and show the mechanism of the reaction. Include the mechanism for formation of the NO2+ 2. Explain, using resonance structures, why the meta isomer is formed. Draw possible resonance structures for ortho, meta and para.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of saponification by considering the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction.

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