The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained. Concept introduction: Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Please help me answer these three questions. Required info should be in data table.

Draw the major organic substitution product or products for (2R,3S)-2-bromo-3-methylpentane reacting with the given nucleophile. Clearly drawn the stereochemistry, including a wedged bond, a dashed bond and two in-plane bonds at each stereogenic center. Omit any byproducts. Bri CH3CH2O- (conc.) Draw the major organic product or products.

Tartaric acid (C4H6O6) is a diprotic weak acid. A sample of 875 mg tartaric acid are dissolved in 100 mL water and titrated with 0.994 M NaOH. How many mL of NaOH are needed to reach the first equivalence point? How many mL of NaOH are needed to reach the second equivalence point?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.58SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for rate enhancement by considering the mechanism of saponification is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Chemical species that has negative charge or lone pair of electrons on it are known as nucleophile. Nucleophiles attack on electron deficient atom and give addition or substitution products depending upon the bond strength of leaving group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the saponification reaction of methyl p-methoxybenzoate is faster or slower than methyl benzoate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The rate of reaction depends upon the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction. The energy required by stable starting material to reach its transition state is more than destabilized system.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of saponification by considering the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction.

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