The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown. Concept introduction: Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone .

Question

9 7 8 C 9 8 200 190 B 5 A -197.72 9 8 7 15 4 3 0: ང་ 200 190 180 147.52 134.98 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 90 OH 10 4 3 1 2 -143.04 140. 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 CI 3 5 1 2 141.89 140.07 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 ៖- 90 129. 126.25 80 70 60 -60 50 40 10 125.19 -129.21 80 70 3.0 20 20 -8 60 50 10 ppm -20 40 128.31 80 80 70 60 50 40 40 -70.27 3.0 20 10 ppm 00˚0-- 77.17 30 20 20 -45.36 10 ppm -0.00 26.48 22.32 ―30.10 ―-0.00

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

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9 7 8 C 9 8 200 190 B 5 A -197.72 9 8 7 15 4 3 0: ང་ 200 190 180 147.52 134.98 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 90 OH 10 4 3 1 2 -143.04 140. 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 CI 3 5 1 2 141.89 140.07 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 ៖- 90 129. 126.25 80 70 60 -60 50 40 10 125.19 -129.21 80 70 3.0 20 20 -8 60 50 10 ppm -20 40 128.31 80 80 70 60 50 40 40 -70.27 3.0 20 10 ppm 00˚0-- 77.17 30 20 20 -45.36 10 ppm -0.00 26.48 22.32 ―30.10 ―-0.00

Assign all the carbons

C 5 4 3 CI 2 the Righ B A 5 4 3 The Lich. OH 10 4 5 3 1 LOOP- -147.52 T 77.17 -45.36 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm B -126.25 77.03 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 TO LL <-50.00 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm 45.06 30.18 -26.45 22.36 --0.00 45.07 7.5 1.93 2.05 -30.24 -22.36 C A 7 8 5 ° 4 3 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 ppm 9 8 5 4 3 ཡི་ OH 10 2 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 5 4 3 2 that th 7 I 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 115 2.21 4.00 1.0 ppm 6.96 2.76 5.01 1.0 ppm 6.30 1.00

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 6

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 7

Chapter 21.14, Problem 21.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conversion of the given starting material to the indicated nitrile is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids. They are made from carboxylic acids by conversion to primary amides followed by the removal of water. The reduction of nitrile by lithium aluminium hydride gives a primary amine and the reaction with that of Grignard reagent gives an imine that hydrolyzes to a ketone.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 21.2F - Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives,...Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4A - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.5C - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21.6 - When ethyl 4-hydroxybutyrate is heated in the...Ch. 21.6 - Propose a mechanism for the following ring-opening...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.15P Ch. 21.7B - Prob. 21.16P Ch. 21.7C - Prob. 21.19P

Solution Summary: The author explains that nitriles are considered as acid derivatives because they hydrolyze to carboxylic acids.

Chapter 21 Solutions