The state (either oxidized or reduced) of F A D after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given. Concept Introduction: Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ( FAD ) : It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give F A D H 2 . Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Do schwann cells produce or act as myelin in the peripheral nervous system? I know that they encase and wrap around axons, but where does the myelin come into play?

The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactatein skeletal muscle cells using NAD/NADH during anaerobic “balanced” fermentation.Answer the following questions about this reaction. (a) Write out the two reductive half reactions and indicate the E ̊' for each half reaction. Write out the full balanced reaction for the pyruvate to lactate rxn and indicate the ∆E ̊' for the reaction. (b) What is the free energy change under standard state conditions for thisreaction? Which direction is spontaneous?(c) Assume that in skeletal muscle cells the ratio of [NAD+] to [NADH] is 100, and that the[pyruvate] = 0.40 mM and [lactate] = 4.0 mM. What is the free energy change (∆G')for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? Indicate the direction in which the reactionis spontaneous under these cellular conditions.

Why did the authors worry about the temperature-dependent solubility of the carriers in thebilayer? How did the authors determine whether the effect of freezing the lipid bilayer wasto decrease the solubility of the carriers (nonactin and valinomycin) or whether the effectwas to impair their ability to diffuse through the membrane (decrease their mobility)?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The state (either oxidized or reduced) of FAD after dehydrogenating a molecule should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent should be given

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substrate type that FAD gets associated with and the type of product molecule formed after dehydrogenation it should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The form of FAD after dehydrogenation reaction should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general equation that includes FAD in a reaction should be shown using curved arrow mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD): It is one of the oxidizing agents used in catabolic reactions. The reduced form of FAD that is formation of two covalent hydrogen bonds results to give FADH2.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 16

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 19

Ch. 21.1 - In a cell, glucose can be oxidized via metabolic...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2KCP Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.1CIAP Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2CIAP Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.3CIAP Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.4CIAP Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CIAP

Solution Summary: The author explains how FAD behaves as oxidizing agent or reducing agent after dehydrogenating a molecule.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 21 Solutions