Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The substrate for the enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The compound that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction is called enzyme. The human body contains different enzymes because every reaction in a cell needs a specific enzyme.
(b)
Interpretation: The substrate for the enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The compound that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction is called enzyme. The human body contains different enzymes because every reaction in a cell needs a specific enzyme.
(c)
Interpretation: The substrate for the enzyme, L-amino acid reductase has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The compound that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction is called enzyme. The human body contains different enzymes because every reaction in a cell needs a specific enzyme.
(d)
Interpretation: The substrate for the enzyme, maltase has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The compound that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction is called enzyme. The human body contains different enzymes because every reaction in a cell needs a specific enzyme.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Based on the graphical information in Problem 21-41 about enzymes A and B indicate whether the enzyme activity of enzyme B increases or decreases when the following changes in reaction conditions are made. a. pH decreases from 7.6 to 7.2 b. pH increases from 7.2 to 7.4 c. temperature decreases from 37.8C to 37.6C d. temperature increases from 38.2C to 38.4Carrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? a. They are macromolecules. b. They act on substances. c. They are phospholipids. d. They initiate and decelerate chemical reactions. e. They act as catalysts.arrow_forwardTo which of the six major classes of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions belong? a. An L isomer is converted to a D isomer. a. A phosphate group is transferred from one substrate to another. b. An amide linkage is hydrolyzed. c. Hydrolysis of a carbohydrate to monosaccharides occurs.arrow_forward
- What is the general role of enzymes in the human body?arrow_forward21-52 What are the chemical and physiological functions of the COX-2 enzyme?arrow_forwardBased on the graphical information in Problem 21-41 about enzymes A and B a. What is the optimum pH for enzyme B? b. What is the optimum temperature for enzyme A? c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a pH of 7.2? d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 37.2C?arrow_forward
- What type of specificity (absolute, group, linkage, or stereochemical) is associated with each of the following enzymes? a. Sucrase b. A lipase c. A decarboxylase d. L-glutamate oxidasearrow_forwardTo which of the six major classes of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions belong? a. A cis double bond is converted to a trans double bond. a. An alcohol is dehydrated to form a compound with a double bond. b. An amino group is transferred from one substrate to another. c. An ester linkage is hydrolyzed.arrow_forwardThe process by which an enzyme acts on the substrate can be described by the: a. lock-and-key model. b. enzyme-and-substrate model. c. enzyme folding model. d. catalytic model.arrow_forward
- Why does the body need so many different enzymes?arrow_forwardSome enzymes consist of protein plus another component. Which of the terms cofactor or coenzyme correctly describes each of the following nonprotein components? a. an inorganic ion b. a nonspecific component c. an organic material d. nicotinic acid.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statements concerning enzymes and their mode of action are true or false. a. According to the induced-fit model of enzyme action, a substrate must be changed into a cofactor before a chemical reaction occurs. b. The active site of an enzyme is the location within the enzyme where catalysis takes place. c. The protein portion of a conjugated enzyme can accommodate several substrates at the same time. d. Simple enzymes do not have active sites, whereas conjugated enzymes do have active sites.arrow_forward
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