Chapter 21, Problem 21.129EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of retinal and Vitamin E has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin A in eyes is present as retinal, which combines with the opsin protein to aid in the vision.  Vitamin E is obtained from vegetable oil, seeds and nuts.  Vitamin E functions as an anti-oxidant in the human body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of calciferol and vitamin D has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin D exists in several forms, vitamin ${\text{D}}_{\text{3}}$ and vitamin ${\text{D}}_{\text{2}}$.  Vitamin ${\text{D}}_{\text{3}}$ is found in foods obtained from animals, whereas vitamin ${\text{D}}_{\text{2}}$ is found in foods obtained from plants.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of tocopherol and vitamin K has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin K exists in different forms but all the forms have methylated napthoquinone structure.  Some of the forms of Vitamin K are vitamin ${\text{K}}_{\text{1}}$ and vitamin ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}$.  Tocopherol is the class of vitamin E.  There are four types of tocopherols: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The validation of the pairing of napthoquinone and vitamin A has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin.  Vitamin A is found in eyes.  It participates in the development of sperm.  Vitamin K has napthoquinone structure to which the long side chain of carbon atoms is attached.