Chapter 21, Problem 21.129SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state and the identity of M ion in the complex ${\left[{\text{MCl}}_{\text{4}}\right]}^{2-}$ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

When considering transition metals, some has partially filled or empty d orbitals. Therefore, they can form complexes with ligands. Ligands have lone pair electrons, which can donate to the central metal atom. Mostly, donor atom with lone pair electrons, of a ligand can form coordinate bond to the central metal atom. The central metal with attached ligands is called as coordination sphere.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The valence bond orbital diagram for two possible ions needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

According to the valence bond theory, there is an electrons pair of opposite spin which are shared by two atoms as a result of orbital overlap. Here, a coordination complex occurs as a result of the overlapping of filled ligand orbital with a pair of electrons and empty hybrid orbital of the metal.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The ion which is more likely to exist according to their common oxidation states needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Transition metals show different oxidation states. When considering a transition metal ion, it is more likely to exit their most stable oxidation state.