The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media. Introduction: The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 1CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The function of smooth muscles and elastic fibers in the arteries of tunica media.

Introduction:

The blood vessels, which transports the oxygenated blood from the heart to different body parts are known as arteries. In general, the wall of the blood vessels is composed of three distinct layers. The innermost layer is the tunica interna or intima, while tunica externa or adventitia is the outermost layer. Between these two layers is the tunica media.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The tunica media consists of the smooth muscle cells as well as the elastic fibers. The primary function of the cells of the smooth muscle that sheath the lumen of the vessel is to regulate its diameter in response to external stimuli. An increased sympathetic stimulus causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, which in turn narrows down the lumen.

This reduction in the blood vessel's lumen diameter is termed as vasoconstriction. On the contrary, a decreased sympathetic stimulus causes the cells of smooth muscle to relax leading to an increased lumen diameter. This process is called vasodilation. The cells of the smooth muscle also help in the production of the elastic fibers in the arteria's tunica media. These elastic fibers help increase the stretch or recoil the blood vessel depending on the pressure applied.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, cells of the smooth muscle in tunica media respond to the external stimuli and cause the blood vessels to contract or dilate. The elastic fibers help the blood vessels to stretch or recoil under pressure and prevents their tearing when the pressure increases.

Answer 12

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 4CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 5CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 7CP Ch. 21 - Define edema and describe how it develops.Ch. 21 - Prob. 9CP Ch. 21 - Prob. 10CP

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