Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553278
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 10P

An ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is equivalent to a Carnot engine running in reverse. That is, energy |Qc| is taken in from a cold reservoir and energy |Qh| is rejected to a hot reservoir. (a) Show that the work that must he supplied to run the refrigerator or heat pump is

W = T h T c T c | Q c |

(b) Show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ideal refrigerator is

COP = T c T h T c

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An ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is equivalent to a Carnot engine running in reverse. That is, energy |Q] is taken in from a cold reservoir and energy |Q,| is rejected to a hot reservoir. (a) Show that the work that must be sup- plied to run the refrigerator or heat pump is Т, — т. - W = T. (b) Show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ideal refrigerator is T. СОР T- T.
It has been proposed to use the thermal gradient of the ocean to drive a heat engine. Suppose that at a certain location the water temperature is 22° C at the ocean surface and 40 C at the ocean floor. (a)     What is the maximum possible efficiency of an engine operating between these two temperatures? (b)     If the engine is to produce 1 GW of electrical power, what minimum volume of water must be processed (to suck out the heat) in every second?
(a) What is the best coefficient of performance for a heat pump that has a hot reservoir temperature of 50.0ºC and a cold reservoir temperature of −20.0ºC ? (b) How much heat transfer occurs into the warm environment if 3.60×107J of work ( 10.0kW ⋅ h ) is put into it? (c) If the cost of this work input is 10.0 cents/kW ⋅ h , how does its cost compare with the direct heat transfer achieved by burning natural gas at a cost of 85.0 cents per therm. (A therm is a common unit of energy for natural gas and equals 1.055×108J .)

Chapter 21 Solutions

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Ch. 21 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 21 - A heat pump has a coefficient of performance equal...Ch. 21 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? An...Ch. 21 - If a 35.0% -efficient Carnot heat engine (Fig....Ch. 21 - An ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is...Ch. 21 - A heat engine is being designed to have a Carnot...Ch. 21 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 21 - You are working on a summer job at a company that...Ch. 21 - A Carnot heat engine operates between temperatures...Ch. 21 - An electric generating station is designed to have...Ch. 21 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 21 - A heat pump used for heating shown in Figure...Ch. 21 - A gasoline engine has a compression ratio of 6.00....Ch. 21 - An idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle...Ch. 21 - (a) Prepare a table like Table 21.1 for the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21PCh. 21 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 21 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-L container has a center partition that...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 21 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 21 - When an aluminum bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - When a metal bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - How fast are you personally making the entropy of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 30APCh. 21 - The energy absorbed by an engine is three times...Ch. 21 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 21 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 21 - Suppose an ideal (Carnot) heat pump could be...Ch. 21 - Review. This problem complements Problem 44 in...Ch. 21 - A firebox is at 750 K, and the ambient temperature...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 21 - A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 21 - You are working as an assistant to a physics...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41APCh. 21 - You are working as an expert witness for an...Ch. 21 - An athlete whose mass is 70.0 kg drinks 16.0...Ch. 21 - Prob. 44APCh. 21 - Prob. 45APCh. 21 - A sample consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - The compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in...
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