Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780133978216
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 20.8, Problem 20.8TYU
A quantity of N molecules of an ideal gas initially occupies volume V. The gas then expands to volume 2V. The number of microscopic states of the gas increases in this expansion. Under which of the following circumstances will this number increase the most? (i) If the expansion is reversible and isothermal; (ii) if the expansion is reversible and adiabatic; (iii) the number will change by the same amount for both circumstances.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A quantity of N molecules of an ideal gas initially occupies volume V. The gas then expands to volume 2V. The number of microscopic states of the gas increases in this expansion. Under which of the following circumstances will this number increase the most? (i) If the expansion is reversible and isothermal; (ii) if the expansion is reversible and adiabatic; (iii) the number will change by the same amount for both circumstances.
Ideal gas. Consider an ideal gas, i.e. a gas that satisfies the following three conditions:
i) pV = nRT,
JE
ii)
ᎧᏙ
= 0, and
n,T
iii) for a reversible adiabatic process pV=const with y = cp/cv. Assume that y is temperature independent.
In a cylinder, 1.20mol of an ideal monatomic gas, initially at 3.60×105Pa and 300K, expands until its volume triples.
Compute the work done by the gas if the expansion is adiabatic.
I need a thorough explanation as to HOW to do it. I know that:
W = -nCv(Delta T)
In another solution, someone said W = -nCvT1(1-(1/3)^2/3).......why??? I need to understand it.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Your left and right hands are normally at the same...Ch. 20.2 - Rank the following heat engines in order from...Ch. 20.3 - For an Otto-cycle engine with cylinders of a fixed...Ch. 20.4 - Can you cool your house by leaving the...Ch. 20.5 - Would a 100%-efficient engine (Fig. 20.11a)...Ch. 20.6 - An inventor looking for financial support comes to...Ch. 20.7 - Suppose 2.00 kg of water at 50C spontaneously...Ch. 20.8 - A quantity of N molecules of an ideal gas...Ch. 20 - A pot is half-filled with water, and a lid is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2DQ
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3DQCh. 20 - Prob. 20.4DQCh. 20 - Why must a room air conditioner be placed in a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6DQCh. 20 - Prob. 20.7DQCh. 20 - An electric motor has its shaft coupled to that of...Ch. 20 - When a wet cloth is hung up in a hot wind in the...Ch. 20 - Compare the pV-diagram for the Otto cycle in Fig....Ch. 20 - The efficiency of heat engines is high when the...Ch. 20 - What would be the efficiency of a Carnot engine...Ch. 20 - Real heat engines, like the gasoline engine in a...Ch. 20 - Does a refrigerator full of food consume more...Ch. 20 - In Example 20.4, a Carnot refrigerator requires a...Ch. 20 - How can the thermal conduction of heat from a hot...Ch. 20 - Explain why each of the following processes is an...Ch. 20 - The free expansion of an ideal gas is an adiabatic...Ch. 20 - Are the earth and sun in thermal equilibrium? Are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.20DQCh. 20 - Prob. 20.21DQCh. 20 - Prob. 20.22DQCh. 20 - BIO A growing plant creates a highly complex and...Ch. 20 - A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work...Ch. 20 - An aircraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and...Ch. 20 - A Gasoline Engine. A gasoline engine takes in 1.61...Ch. 20 - A gasoline engine has a power output of 180 kW...Ch. 20 - The pV-diagram in Fig. E20.5 shows a cycle of heat...Ch. 20 - (a) Calculate the theoretical efficiency for an...Ch. 20 - The Otto-cycle engine in a Mercedes-Benz SL1 a...Ch. 20 - Section 20.4 Refrigerators 20.8The coefficient of...Ch. 20 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine is operated between two heat...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine whose high-temperature reservoir...Ch. 20 - An ice-making machine operates in a Carnot cycle....Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 66% and...Ch. 20 - A certain brand of freezer is advertised to use...Ch. 20 - A Carnot refrigerator is operated between two heat...Ch. 20 - A Carnot heat engine uses a hot reservoir...Ch. 20 - You design an engine that takes in 1.50 104 J of...Ch. 20 - A 4.50-kg block of ice at 0.00C falls into the...Ch. 20 - A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to...Ch. 20 - CALC You decide to take a nice hot bath but...Ch. 20 - A 15.0-kg block of ice at 0.0C melts to liquid...Ch. 20 - CALC You make tea with 0.250 kg of 85.0C water and...Ch. 20 - Three moles of an ideal gas undergo a reversible...Ch. 20 - What is the change in entropy of 0.130 kg of...Ch. 20 - (a) Calculate the change in entropy when 1.00 kg...Ch. 20 - Entropy Change Due to Driving. Premium gasoline...Ch. 20 - CALC Two moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume V....Ch. 20 - A box is separated by a partition into two parts...Ch. 20 - CALC A lonely party balloon with a volume of 2.40...Ch. 20 - You are designing a Carnot engine that has 2 mol...Ch. 20 - CP An ideal Carnot engine operates between 500C...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.34PCh. 20 - CP A certain heat engine operating on a Carnot...Ch. 20 - A heat engine takes 0.350 mol of a diatomic ideal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.37PCh. 20 - What is the thermal efficiency of an engine that...Ch. 20 - CALC You build a heal engine that takes 1.00 mol...Ch. 20 - CP As a budding mechanical engineer, you are...Ch. 20 - CALC A heal engine Operates using the cycle shown...Ch. 20 - CP BIO Humun Entropy. A person who has skin of...Ch. 20 - An experimental power plant at the Natural Energy...Ch. 20 - CP BIO A Human Engine. You decide to use your body...Ch. 20 - CALC A cylinder contains oxygen at a pressure of...Ch. 20 - A monatomic ideal gas it taken around the cycle...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine operates between two heat...Ch. 20 - A typical coal-fired power plant generates 1000 MW...Ch. 20 - Automotive Thermodynamics. A Volkswagen Passat has...Ch. 20 - An air conditioner operates on 800 W of power and...Ch. 20 - The pV-diagram in Fig. P20.51 shows the cycle for...Ch. 20 - BIO Human Entropy. A person with skin of surface...Ch. 20 - CALC An object of mass m1, specific heat c1, and...Ch. 20 - CALC To heat 1 cup of water (250 cm3) to make...Ch. 20 - DATA In your summer job with a venture capital...Ch. 20 - DATA For a refrigerator or air conditioner, the...Ch. 20 - DATA You are conducting experiments to study...Ch. 20 - Consider a Diesel cycle that starts (at point a in...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
(a) What is me maximum 1nreluzmcity at an 85.0kg person bouncing on a bathroom scale having a force constant of...
College Physics
Explain all answers clearly, with complete sentences and proper essay structure if needed. An asterisk (*) desi...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Earth Without Differentiation. Suppose Earth had never undergone differentiation. How would Earth be different?...
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
* See the spectrum in Figure P11.63. (a) Can this be a spectrum of the sound of an open-open pipe vibrating in ...
College Physics
22.12 Electric Fields in an Atom. The nuclei of large atoms, such as uranium, with 92 protons, can be modeled a...
University Physics (14th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- One mole of an ideal gas does 3 000 J of work on its surroundings as it expands isothermally to a final pressure of 1.00 atm and volume of 25.0 L. Determine (a) the initial volume and (b) the temperature of the gas.arrow_forwardA monatomic ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static adiabatic expansion in which its volume is doubled. How is the pressure of the gas changed?arrow_forwardAn ideal gas doubles its volume in one of three different ways:(i) at constant pressure; (ii) at constant temperature; (iii) adiabatically. Explain your answers to each of the following questions:(a) In which expansion does the gas do the most work?arrow_forward
- When an ideal gas undergoes a quasistatic adiabatic volume change, its pressure p and volume V are related by PVY = a constant, where y is the ratio of the molar specific heats for the gas. Start from the first law of thermodynamics, present a proof of this equation.arrow_forwardHow can I tell if it increases, decreases or stays the same? Are there any criteria I have to follow?arrow_forwardThe volume of a monatomic ideal gas doubles in an adiabatic expansion. By what factor do (a) the temperature of the gas change?arrow_forward
- A spherical bubble inside water has radius R. Take the pressure inside the bubble and the water pressure to be p0. The bubble now gets compressed radially in an adiabatic manner so that its radius becomes (? − ?). For ? << ? the magnitude of the work done in the process is given by (4 π?0??2)X, where X is a constant and γ = ??⁄?? = 41⁄30. The value of X isarrow_forwardA three-step cycle is undergone by 3.4 mol of an ideal diatomic gas: (1) the temperature of the gas is increased from 200 K to 500 K at constant volume; (2) the gas is then isothermally expanded to its original pressure; (3) the gas is then contracted at constant pressure back to its original volume.Throughout the cycle, the molecules rotate but do not oscillate.What is the efficiency of the cycle?arrow_forwardAn ideal monatomic gas expands adiabatically from 0.530 m³ to 1.72 m³. If the initial pressure and temperature are 1.30 × 105 Pa and 355 K, respectively, find the number of moles in the gas, the final gas pressure, the final gas temperature, and the work done on the gas. HINT (a) the number of moles in the gas (Enter your answer to at least three significant figures.) mol (b) the final gas pressure (Enter your answer in Pa, to at least three significant figures.) Pa (c) the final gas temperature (in K) K (d) the work done on the gas (in J) Jarrow_forward
- One very special method for performing work is to do so reversibly. A change of state occurs reversibly if the external pressure equals the gas pressure throughout the change of state. If the change of state occurs isothermally (at constant temperature), then the expression for reversible work on an ideal gas is: w= -nRTln(V2/V1) Suppose 3.00 mol of an ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal change of state at 310 K from 2.65 bar to 4.28 bar. What is w (in J) for this change of state? Round your answer to the ones place.arrow_forwardFive moles of monatomic ideal gas have initial pressure 2.50 * 103 Pa and initial volume 2.10 m3. While undergoing an adiabatic expansion, the gas does 1480 J of work. What is the final pressure of the gas after the expansion?arrow_forwardIn an adiabatic process, oxygen gas in a container is compressed along a path that can be described by the following pressure in atm as a function of volume V, with V0 = 1L : p = (3.0 atm)(V/V0 )−1.2 . The initial and finalvolumes during the process were 2 L and 1.5 L, respectively. Find the amount of work done on the gas.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Thermodynamics: Crash Course Physics #23; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4i1MUWJoI0U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY