Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20.7, Problem 1Q
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be defined for the concentration of various hydroxide a ta certain pH value.

Concept Introduction: Alkalinity of a water supply is its capacity to accept hydronium ions.

This factor is important to known when assessing water quality, methods of water treatment, and the biology of natural water because the amount of biomass that can be produced depends on the alkalinity.’

Alkanity (Alk) is defined by the equation

Alk = [HCO3-]+2[CO32-]+[OH-]

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Rank the compounds in each of the following groups in order of increasing acidity or basicity, as indicated, and explain the order you assign. (a) acidity: HCl, HBr, HI (b) basicity: H2O, OH−, H−, Cl− (c) basicity: Mg(OH)2, Si(OH)4, HClO4 (d) acidity: HF, H2O, NH3, CH4
Please calculate the [H+] in the following solution at 298 K: a) 0.1 mol·dm-3 NaOH;b) 0.1 mol·dm-3 HCN ( 25ºC). (HCN is a monoprotic acid and Ka= 4.9×10^-10 at 25ºC.) c) A mixture of 0.1 mol·dm-3 CH3COOH and 0.1 mol·dm-3 CH3COONa at 25ºC.(CH3COOH is a monoprotic acid and its Ka=1.8×10^-5 at 25ºC.)
(a) Acid rain is no threat to lakes in areas where the rock is limestone (calcium carbonate), which can neutralize the acid. Wherethe rock is granite, however, no neutralization occurs. How does limestone neutralize acid? (b) Acidic water can be treated withbasic substances to increase the pH, although such a procedure is usually only a temporary cure. Calculate the minimum mass oflime, CaO, needed to adjust the pH of a small lake (V = 4 x 109 L) from 5.0 to 6.5. Why might more lime be needed?

Chapter 20 Solutions

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