To answer:
How the proper application of Koch’s postulates could have prevented the mistake of naming “Haemophilus influenzae” just because the researchers isolated it from flu patients.
Introduction:
Haemophilus influenzae is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium that causes a wide range of infections. They may be mild like ear infections or serious like bloodstream infections. They usually live in the host without causing any infection but causes trouble when other factors like reduced immunity and viral infection which creates an opportunity for the pathogen. The bacteria was mistaken to be the cause of influenza (flu).
Influenza or flu is caused by influenza virus. It is characterized by body pain, high fever, cough, running nose and muscle pain. The viruses spread through the air.
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Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
- 1) How does cholera kill people? 2) What was Dr. Snow's initial hypothesis on the cause of cholera? 3) What methods did Dr. Snow use to test his hypothesis? 4) What was "The Report That Changed The World" ? 5) What is a voronoi diagram? 6) What is the definition of an "A B Test" ? 7) Name a place where cholera is still a problem today. 8)What public health policies would you apply to help that place?arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about Streptococcus pyogenes is false?a) It is a Gram-positive coccus occurring in chains.b) Some strains that infect wounds can cause toxic shock.c) Some strains that infect wounds can cause necrotizing fasciitis.d) It can cause puerperal fever.e) A vaccine is available for preventing S. pyogenes infections.arrow_forwardThe following are the limitations of Koch's postulates EXCEPT: A. some pathogens cannot grow on artificial media and therefore cannot be identified as the causative agent of the disease B. some diseases involve multiple pathogens which produce similar symptoms making it difficult to pinpoint the causative agent C. some diseases are host-specific and re-inoculation may pose ethical concerns D. some microorganisms are present in the body fluids of the infected animal which make them difficult to be culturedarrow_forward
- What is the purpose of Koch’s postulates?arrow_forwardWhich of the following infectious agents is most likely to cause a pandemic?a) Influenza A virusb) Streptococcus pyogenesc) Histoplasma capsulatumd) Sin Nombre viruse) Coccidioides immitisarrow_forwardChoose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread. A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera. B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following: 1. Identification of a) the pathogen, b) the reservoir c) means of transmission d) the susceptible host 2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention. 3. Include references and relevant data.arrow_forward
- Two microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of botulism. One favored the chapter on nervous system infections, whereas the other insisted on the chapter covering digestive system infections. Where do you think the discussion should be placed, and why?arrow_forwardThis bacterium is a Gram-negative diplococci that possesses a capsule; finding these cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a preliminary diagnosis for the deadly disease it causes. What is bacterium? A) O Streptococcus pneumoniae B) O Neisseria meningitidis C) O Cryptosporidium parvum D) O Clostridium tetani E) O Staphylococcus aureusarrow_forwardWhat is the most common type of nosocomial infection?a) Bloodstream infection b) Gastrointestinal infectionc) Pneumonia d) Surgical wound infectione) Urinary tract infectionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, respectively? A) O Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of sore throats. B) O Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci turn blood agar green and include members that cause pneumonia and tooth decay, C) Gamma-hemolytic Streptococci completely lyse red blood cells on blood agar. D) O The beta-hemolytic group of Streptococci does not contain any pathogenic types.arrow_forwardName the element which caused minamatta disease in Japan.arrow_forwardUsing the Koch's Postulates, support the findings that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Specifically, you have to provide brief narratives/pictures/proofs and sources that support the postulate listed below: The organism must be isolated from the newly infected animals and cultured again in the laboratory, after which it should be seen to be the same as the original organism.arrow_forward