Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 7RQ
Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do viruses replicate?
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a) Find a nitrogen base. What carbon is the base attached to?
b) What two nitrogenous bases are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds?
c)What two nitrogenous bases are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds?
You will be building a double-stranded DNA molecule, representing a short (20 base) sequence that could be found in a chromosome. It will have a 3' --> 5' strand and a 5' --> 3' strand.
Use two full 12-base-pair DNA models.
a) Upload a photo of a model once the first 6 nucleotides have been inserted to base pair with the two parent strands.
b)Upload a photo of DNA polymerase I and Ligase in "action" removing the RNA primer nucleotides and making new phosphodiester bonds.
c)Upload a photo of the final two DNA strands, after Termination, identifying the parent and daughter strands of each.
Write down the 12 base-pairs (ex A-T or G-C) contained in the two models you will us from top to bottom below
Model 1 bp:
Model 2 bp:
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - describe some differences between bacteria and...Ch. 20.1 - describe the typical sizes and shapes of...Ch. 20.2 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests A few of the bacteria that...Ch. 20.2 - describe the range of environments inhabited by...Ch. 20.2 - As part of a study on the relationship between...Ch. 20.2 - Unpleasant breath odors are caused mainly by...Ch. 20.2 - What might explain the observation that most...Ch. 20.2 - describe adaptations that help protect prokaryotes...Ch. 20.2 - Some of the enzymes that have important uses in...Ch. 20.2 - explain how prokaryotes reproduce and exchange...
Ch. 20.2 - What is the main advantage of prokaryotic fission,...Ch. 20.3 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests Many of the bacteria...Ch. 20.3 - explain how prokaryotes affect animal and plant...Ch. 20.3 - If all of Earths nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes were...Ch. 20.3 - explain prokaryotes role in nutrient recycling?Ch. 20.3 - describe how prokaryotes help clean up pollution?Ch. 20.3 - describe some of the pathogenic bacteria that...Ch. 20.4 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests How do harmful bacteria...Ch. 20.4 - describe the structure and characteristics of...Ch. 20.4 - Why are viruses unable to replicate outside of a...Ch. 20.4 - describe the effects they can have on host...Ch. 20.4 - Biotechnologists often use viruses to transfer...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - ____________, have peptidoglycan in...Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotic cells are ____________,...Ch. 20 - A community of prokaryotes surrounded by slime and...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Many prokaryotes use ____________ to move about....Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements about archaea is...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - ____________,bacteria inhabit environments that...Ch. 20 - Viruses a. are usually photosynthetic. b. consist...Ch. 20 - What is an endospore? What is its function?Ch. 20 - Prokaryotes reproduce by ____________ and may...Ch. 20 - Applying fertilizer near an oil spill to Increase...Ch. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by...Ch. 20 - Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Cholera, gonorrhea, and pneumonia are some of the...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of __________ or...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...
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- a) What type of bond does helicase break? b) Which of these two types of bonds is stronger? c) Describe why it is necessary for the lagging strand to be made in fragments, called Okazaki fragments.arrow_forwarda) How are the model single nucleotides structurally different than real-life dNTPs? b)If you wanted to make these DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides, what could you do to them? c)Name the type of bond that is being formed by DNA Polymerase III.arrow_forwardYou will be building a double-stranded DNA molecule, representing a short (20 base) sequence that could be found in a chromosome. It will have a 3' --> 5' strand and a 5' --> 3' strand. Use two full 12-base-pair DNA models. a) Upload a picture of your model reflecting the Initiation phase of DNA replication. b) Upload a picture of your model once it has entered the Elongation phase of DNA replication, showing the action of Primase. c)Upload a picture of your model once it has entered the Elongation phase of DNA replication, showing the action of DNA Polymerase III.arrow_forward
- a)What region of the DNA do general transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to? b)Where, in a eukaryotic cell, can one find TFs? c)What are the TFs called that bind to Enhancer Sites? d)Describe the role of Activators and Repressors in development.arrow_forwarda) Describe how mRNA and tRNA interact. b)Translate the following mRNA codons: AUG GUU AAC CAG UGA c) What are transcription factors made of?arrow_forwarda) State the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology in your own words. b) What enzyme synthesizes mRNA? c) Describe mRNA splicing.arrow_forward
- Give me detailed Solution. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwarda) The lux operon is under positive control. Based on this information, does the luxR regulator sequence make a repressor protein or an activator protein? b) How will binding of this complex affect RNA polymerase? Remember this operon is under positive control. c) AHL is a signal molecule that V. fisheri makes to communicate with neighboring bacterial cells. This molecule can diffuse outside of the cell and into another bacterial cell in close proximity. This type of communication between bacterial cells is known as quorum sensing. If bacterial cell density is low how will this affect the lux operon? What will happen if the density is high?arrow_forward1) Given an mRNA with the following sequence, please translate the codons to a chain of amino acids. Use the codon chart below.5’AUG/CCU/GCU/UAC/CGG/GAG/UAA3’ “met-_________-_________-_________-_________-_________”STOP” 2) Assuming the original polypeptide chain below, match each type of point mutation with the polypeptide chain that results. Original polypeptide: Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn A. Missense B. Silent C. Nonsense D. Frameshift ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-STOP ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Ile-His-Asn ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn _______ Pro-Thr-His-Cys-Tyr-Thrarrow_forward
- Referring to the Standard Genetic Code table, categorize the chemical properties of each of the 24 amino acids that make up the ER Signal Peptide (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positive charge, or negative charge). What is notable about the chemical properties of the amino acids that make up the ER Signal Peptide? methionine- translation code tra-hyperopic amino acid R Origine eukiauk aicd amino glutamine HYDOICO ACIDS gaac -CHANGED AMINO ACIDarrow_forward1) Given an mRNA with the following sequence, please translate the codons to a chain of amino acids. Use the codon chart below.5’AUG/CCU/GCU/UAC/CGG/GAG/UAA3’ “met-_________-_________-_________-_________-_________”STOP” 2) Assuming the original polypeptide chain below, match each type of point mutation with the polypeptide chain that results. Original polypeptide: Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn A. Missense B. Silent C. Nonsense D. Frameshift ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-STOP ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Ile-His-Asn ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn _______ Pro-Thr-His-Cys-Tyr-Thrarrow_forwarda) The relationship between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and V. fischeri is symbiotic where both species benefit. What is the benefit to each? b) Why might quorum sensing be beneficial to pathogenic bacteria? c) How might scientists use quorum sensing to treat bacterial infections?arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY