The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes. Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

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DNK dagi nukleotidlar va undan sintezlangan oqsildagi peptid boglar farqi 901 taga teng bo'lib undagi A jami H boglardan 6,5 marta kam bo'lsa DNK dagi jami H bog‘lar sonini toping

One of the ways for a cell to generate ATP is through the oxidative phosphorylation. In oxidative phosphorylation 3 ATP are produced from every one NADH molecule. In respiration, every glucose molecule produces 10 NADH molecules. If a cell is growing on 5 glucose molecules, how much ATP can be produced using oxidative phosphorylation/aerobic respiration?

If a cell is growing on 5 glucose molecules, how much ATP can be produced using oxidative phosphorylation/aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 10P

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