The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes. Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

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Older adults have unique challenges in terms of their nutrient needs and physiological changes. Some changes may make it difficult to consume a healthful diet, so it is important to identify strategies to help overcome these obstacles. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about changes in older adults. Select all that apply. Poor vision can make it difficult for older adults to get to a supermarket, and to prepare meals. With age, taste and visual perception decline. As people age, salivary production increases. In older adults with dysphagia, foods like creamy soups, applesauce, and yogurt are usually well tolerated. Lean body mass increases in older adults.

When physical activity increases, energy requirements increase also. Depending on the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity, the body’s requirements for certain macronutrients may change as well. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about the effects of increased physical activity or athletic training. Select all that apply. An athlete who weighs 70 kg (154 lb) should consume 420 to 700 g of carbohydrate per day. How much additional energy an athlete needs depends on the specific activity the athlete engages in and the frequency of the activity. Those participating in vigorous exercise should restrict their fat intake to less than 15%% of total energy intake. Athletes who are following energy-restricted diets are at risk for consuming insufficient protein. The recommendation to limit saturated fat intake to less than 10%% of total energy intake does not apply to athletes or those who regularly engage in vigorous physical activity.

When taking vitamins and vitamin-mineral supplements, how can one be sure they are getting what they are taking?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 7P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The model which accounts more readily for the features of the highly rearranged chromosomes.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM). Progressive Rearrangements model is where continuous chromosomal aberrations take place and several genes are rearranged. Chromosome Catastrophe Model is where the chromosome gets broken into several fragments and then stitched back together by Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which multiple chromosomal rearrangements arise.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The arrangements are likely causative agents of cancers in which they have found or the rearrangements are just passenger events that are unrelated to cancer.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which chromosome rearrangements activate an oncogene or inactivate tumor suppressor gene.

Concept introduction: Chromosomal aberrations are changes in the normal structure of chromosome by addition, deletion, inversion and translocation. Chromosomal aberrations results in change in the gene order and inactivation of genes. If the genes involved in cell cycle are inactivated then cell cycle errors occurs which leads to cancer cells. There are two models regarding rearrangement of chromosomes which are studied that account for 2 to 3 % of all cancers which includes: Progressive Rearrangements Model (PRM) and Chromosome Catastrophe Model (CCM).

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 10P

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