Concept explainers
Videos
. Give the systematic name for each of the following alcohols. Indicate whether the alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary.
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
Interpretation:
The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is Cn H2 n + 1 OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.
In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.
2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.
4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.
For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1 meth
Carbon-2 eth
Carbon-3 prop
Carbon-4 but
Carbon-5 pent
Carbon-6 hex
Carbon-7 hept
Carbon-8 oct
Carbon-9 non
Carbon-10 dec.
Answer to Problem 61QAP
3-ethylpentan-3-ol; tertiary alcohol.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 3 and the ethyl substituent also get 3.
So, the IUPAC name will be: 3-ethylpentan-3-ol.
Since, -OH group is attached to tertiary carbon so, it is tertiary alcohol.
Interpretation:
The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is Cn H2 n + 1 OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.
In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.
2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.
4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.
For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1 meth
Carbon-2 eth
Carbon-3 prop
Carbon-4 but
Carbon-5 pent
Carbon-6 hex
Carbon-7 hept
Carbon-8 oct
Carbon-9 non
Carbon-10 dec.
Answer to Problem 61QAP
2, 4-dimethylpentan-3-ol; secondary alcohol.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 3 and the methyl substituent on 2 and 5.
So, the IUPAC name will be: 2, 4-dimethylpentan-3-ol.
Since, -OH group is attached to secondary carbon so, it is secondary alcohol.
Interpretation:
The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is Cn H2 n + 1 OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.
In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.
2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.
4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.
For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1 meth
Carbon-2 eth
Carbon-3 prop
Carbon-4 but
Carbon-5 pent
Carbon-6 hex
Carbon-7 hept
Carbon-8 oct
Carbon-9 non
Carbon-10 dec.
Answer to Problem 61QAP
4, 4-dimethylpentan-2-ol; secondary alcohol.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 2 and the methyl substituent on carbon number 4.
So, the IUPAC name will be: 4, 4-dimethylpentan-2-ol.
Since, -OH group is attached to secondary carbon so, it is secondary alcohol.
Interpretation:
The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is Cn H2 n + 1 OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.
When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.
In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.
2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.
4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.
For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1 meth
Carbon-2 eth
Carbon-3 prop
Carbon-4 but
Carbon-5 pent
Carbon-6 hex
Carbon-7 hept
Carbon-8 oct
Carbon-9 non
Carbon-10 dec.
Answer to Problem 61QAP
2, 2, 4-trimethylpentan-1-ol; primary alcohol.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 1 and the methyl substituents on carbon number 2 and 4.
So, the IUPAC name will be: 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentan-1-ol.
Since, -OH group is attached to primary carbon so, it is primary alcohol.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Bundle: Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 8th + OWLv2 6-Months Printed Access Card
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Organic Chemistry
Biological Science (6th Edition)
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
- Classify each of the following as either a substitution, elimination, or addition reaction. CH3 CH3 CH2=CH₂ CH2=C-CH2-OH + Br₂ Br-CH2-C -CH₂-OH Br CH,CH3 CH3-C-CH-CH2-CH3 он ° CH₂ HO C-C-CH3 + NH3 CH₂ он CH3-CH-O-CH3 O-CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H₂O O-CH3 CH3CH₂ H + H₂O CH3-C=C-CH2-CH3 • CHI Δ Å CH CH3 H+ CH3 C-H + HO-CH3 H" Q-CH₂ CH3-C-CH3 + HO-CH3 OH O substitution O elimination addition substitution O elimination addition O substitution elimination addition O substitution O elimination addition substitution O elimination 00 additionarrow_forwardSearch 5:45 PM Sun Dec 15 Quiz 9 ... ล 25%0 A Done Quiz #9 = Name: Draw the major products of the following. Show Stereochemistry when applicable: 1. OsO4 A 2. NaHSO 3, H 20 Cl₂ ➤ C H2, Pd/C E HBr 1. Hg(OAc) 2, H₂O 2. NaBH 4 Ꭰ KI, H3PO4 F KMnO4, H3O+ KMnO4, H2O G H HBr Br2 J CH2N2 ➤ K CH2I2, Zn(Cu) Cl2, CH3OH C 1. 03 2. Zn, H3O+ HCI 1. BH 3 N M 2. NaOH, H 202 KMnO4, NaOH H₂O P Br2, H2O R 1. BH 3 2. NaOH, H 202 Cl2, CH3CH2OH Tarrow_forwardSelect the stronger base: H-CEN equally basic H H H H-C-N H Select the stronger acid: Select the stronger base: Select the stronger base: H -H equally acidic о equally basic NH equally basic оarrow_forward
- Classify each of the following as either a substitution, elimination, or addition reaction. CH3 CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3 + Br₂ CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3-C-CH2-C-CH3 + HBr substitution ○ elimination Br CH3 CHI CHO CHA HO CH он Cl CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 CH₂ DBU H* - CHI CHO CH3 + H2O Ӧ CH3 CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 + HCI OH Pd/C CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3 CH3 H C-CH2-CH3 + HO-CH3 addition substitution elimination ○ addition ○ substitution ○ elimination O addition substitution O elimination addition substitution O elimination addition CH3 C-CH3 + H2 CH3 CH3-O-CH-CH2-CH3 Онarrow_forward=> (8 pts) Use retrosynthetic analysis (that is, use retrosynthetic arrows as was done in class) to suggest a synthesis route for the transformation shown below. Sear bonsarrow_forwardd) 1. Complete the following reactions; all reactions are at room temperature. No heat is involved here. Show Major product only. Indicate the type of mechanism: SN1 or SN2. (1 pt each) a) Br + b) Br e) OH CH3DH + H20 он HCJ Zn Cl₂ OH + HCI 20 C12 + H-Brarrow_forward
- What is the IUPAC name for the compound shown? LOH IUPAC name: BIU X2 x²arrow_forwardDon't used Ai solutionarrow_forward2. Write the IUPAC name of the major product that would be obtained from the dehydration of 3,5-dimethylcyclohexanol. What is the type mechanism of the reaction (E1, E2, SN1, SN2)? Draw the detailed mechanism of the reaction. (2.5 pts) 3. In Experiment 8, You synthesized n-butyl bromide using sodium bromide, sulfuric acid and butyl alcohol. (2.5 pts) a. Write the detailed mechanism of this reaction indicating what type of mechanism is this reaction. b. What will happen to the rate of the reaction if NaCl was used instead of NaBr? c. What will be the mechanism of the reaction if t-butyl alcohol is used with NaBr in presence of sulfuric acid? Draw detailed mechanism.arrow_forward
- In each row of the table below, select the stronger acid or base, as instructed. The most acidic H atom in each acid has been highlighted. Select the stronger acid: Select the stronger acid: Select the stronger base: Select the stronger base: H H Tx NH equally acidic equally acidic H equally basic equally basicarrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardUse the information in the pk, table below to determine which side of the equilibrium is favored for each of the reactions in the second table. acid pk, acid PK CHA CHÍNH, 36 CH₂SH OH 9 50 45 CH2=CH2 19 15.9 CH₂OH 15.7 10.3 .OH 10.0 4.8 он OH CH₂OH₂ -2.2 -7.2 снон, + i + OH + CH4 Equilibrium Equation CH₂OH + io OH CH3NH + CH2=CH2 CH3NH₂ + он + + H₁₂-C CH2=CH 0 O Left Favored Equal Right Favored о 0 0arrow_forward
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER