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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The positive factors and concerns of the technique fracking should be given.
Concept introduction:
Fracking or Hydraulic fracturing: The process is a high pressure technique and it is proved to be an unconventional natural gas technology. Using a high pressurized liquid, cracks are created in the rocks which results in the ejection of natural gas and oil.
(b)
Interpretation: The use of ethanol as a fuel is whether a wise choice should be explained. The arguments for and against for this has to be listed.
Concept introduction:
Different forms of energy sources: Renewable energy source and Non-renewable energy source.
Renewable energy resources: The resources which occur by natural process and can be recyclable or replaced. They will be much useful to human beings.
Non-renewable energy resources: The resources which are once used and which cannot be available again within a given amount of time. Energy derived from fossil fuel is an example for non-renewable resource.
Water, food and air are the major examples for renewable energy resources. The use of renewable sources contributes less pollution in the atmosphere and this is the reason for their increase use. Ethanol in gasoline is a renewable form of energy.
Gasoline, coal, diesel, fossil fuel, plastic.. are examples for non-renewable energy resources. The major disadvantages of these resources are they are not renewed and cannot be recycled.
(c)
Interpretation: The development of electric cars and cars using natural gas should be encouraged or not. The advantages and disadvantages to owning this cars has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Different forms of energy sources: Renewable energy source and Non-renewable energy source.
Renewable energy resources: The resources which occur by natural process and can be recyclable or replaced. They will be much useful to human beings.
Non-renewable energy resources: The resources which are once used and which cannot be available again within a given amount of time. Energy derived from fossil fuel is an example for non-renewable resource.
Water, food and air are the major examples for renewable energy resources. The use of renewable sources contributes less pollution in the atmosphere and this is the reason for their increase use. Ethanol in gasoline is a renewable form of energy.
Gasoline, coal, diesel, fossil fuel, plastic.. are examples for non-renewable energy resources. The major disadvantages of these resources are they are not renewed and cannot be recycled.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- A rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardWhat is incomplete combustion of fossil fuels? Why can this be a problem?arrow_forward4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forward
- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardAlthough the gas used in an oxyacetylene torch (Figure 5.7) is essentially pure acetylene, the heat produced by combustion of one mole of acetylene in such a torch is likely not equal to the enthalpy of combustion of acetylene listed in Table 5.2. Considering the conditions for which the tabulated data are reported, suggest an explanation.arrow_forwardDefine the terms renewable and nonrenewable as applied to energy resources. Which of the following energy resources are renewable: solar energy, coal, natural gas, geothermal energy, wind power?arrow_forward
- what is the step by step/ brief explanation of direct combustion for converting biomass to useful energy(bioenergy)?arrow_forwardWrite and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of butane, C4H10.arrow_forward500.0 mL of 0.100 mol·L HCl(aq) was added to a high quality insulated calorimeter containing 500.0 mL of 0.100 mol·LNaOH(aq). Both solutions had a density of 1.000 g·mL and a specific heat of 4.184 J·g ·K . The calorimeter had a heatcapacity of 850.0 J·K . The temperature of the entire system rose from 25.50 C to 26.05 C.Calculate the heat of reaction. Thank you!arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
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