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Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 36PS
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The equilibrium constant for the reaction
Concept introduction:
Equilibrium constant in terms of concentration
Equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy:
Relation between Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy and Entropy:
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6. In a study of glass etching, a chemist examines the reaction between sand (SiO₂) and hydrogen fluoride at
150°C:
SiO₂ (s) + 4HF(g) SiF4(g) + 2H₂O(g)
Predict the effect on [SiF4] when (a) H₂O(g) is removed; (b) some liquid water is added; (c) HF is removed; (d)
some sand is removed.
Consider the following reactions. In which cases is the product formation favored by decreased pressure?
1) CO₂(g) + C(s)=2CO(g)
2) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) 2 NH3(g)
3) CO(g) + 2H₂(g) →CH3OH(g)
4) N₂(g) + O₂(g) =2 NO(g)
5) 2 H₂O(g) 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g)
O 3,5
O2, 3
3,4
O 1,5
O 2,4
O
Chapter 20 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1.2ACPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1.5ACPCh. 20.7 - Assume that a sample of hard water contains 50....Ch. 20.7 - One way to remove the calcium carbonate residue in...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1PSCh. 20 - Prob. 2PSCh. 20 - In the discussion on the composition of air,...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 4PSCh. 20 - Prob. 5PSCh. 20 - Prob. 6PSCh. 20 - Prob. 7PSCh. 20 - Prob. 8PSCh. 20 - Prob. 11PSCh. 20 - Although there are a number of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 14PSCh. 20 - Prob. 15PSCh. 20 - Prob. 16PSCh. 20 - Which of the following is a renewable energy...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18PSCh. 20 - Prob. 19PSCh. 20 - Prob. 21PSCh. 20 - The enthalpy of combustion of isooctane (C8H18),...Ch. 20 - Energy consumption in the United States amounts to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 24PSCh. 20 - Prob. 25PSCh. 20 - Prob. 27PSCh. 20 - Prob. 30PSCh. 20 - In methane hydrate the methane molecule is trapped...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32PSCh. 20 - Prob. 33PSCh. 20 - Prob. 34PSCh. 20 - Prob. 35PSCh. 20 - Prob. 36PSCh. 20 - Prob. 37PSCh. 20 - Prob. 38PSCh. 20 - Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O (commonly called nitrous...Ch. 20 - Prob. 40PSCh. 20 - Prob. 41PSCh. 20 - Prob. 42PSCh. 20 - Prob. 43GQCh. 20 - Prob. 44GQCh. 20 - Prob. 45GQCh. 20 - Prob. 46GQCh. 20 - Prob. 47GQCh. 20 - Prob. 48GQCh. 20 - Prob. 49ILCh. 20 - Prob. 50ILCh. 20 - Define the terms renewable and nonrenewable as...Ch. 20 - Prob. 52SCQCh. 20 - Prob. 53SCQCh. 20 - Prob. 54SCQCh. 20 - Prob. 55SCQCh. 20 - What is the likelihood that hydrogen (H2) will...Ch. 20 - Prob. 57SCQCh. 20 - Which sulfur compounds are atmospheric pollutants?...
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- Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to the al-kanes and having the general formula SinH2n+2. The first of these compounds is silane, SiH4, which is used in the electronics industry to produce thin ultrapure silicon films. SiH4(g) is somewhat difficult to work with because it is py-ropboric at room temperature—meaning that it bursts into flame spontaneously when exposed to air. (a) Write an equation for the combustion of SiH4(g). (The reaction is analogous to hydrocarbon combustion, and SiO2 is a solid under standard conditions. Assume the water produced will be a gas.) (b) Use the data from Appendix E to calculate ? for this reaction. (c) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (d) Compare G for this reaction to the combustion of methane. (See the previous problem.) Are the reactions in these two exercises enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.arrow_forwardCobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25C: CoCl26H2O(s)CoCl2(s)+6H2O(g) Here are some thermodynamic data at 25C: What is the partial pressure of water vapor in equilibrium with the anhydrous salt and the hexahydrate at 25C? (Give the value in mmHg.) What is the relative humidity of air that has this partial pressure of water? The relative humidity of a sample of air is Relativehumidity=partialpressureofH2O(g)inairvaporpressureofwater100 What do you expect to happen to the equilibrium partial pressure over the hexahydrate as the temperature is raised? Explain.arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forward
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