Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

• For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
• Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.
• Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy $\text{=}\frac{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{atoms}\text{in}\text{products}}{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{atoms}\text{in}\text{reactants}}\text{×}\text{100\%}$