(a) Interpretation: The data were most likely to be generated by the C 4 plant and C 3 plant should be determined. Concept introduction: When O 2 content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O 2 instead of CO 2 . The O 2 binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The data were most likely to be generated by the C₄ plant and C₃ plant should be determined.

Concept introduction:

When O₂content is high in the atmosphere, the Rubisco enzyme(carbon-fixing enzyme of Calvin cycle) binds with O₂ instead of CO₂. The O₂binding initiates oxygenase reaction rather than carboxylase reaction. This process is called photorespiration.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Why C₄ plants thrive at CO₂ concentrations that do not support the growth of C₃ plants should be explained.

Concept introduction:

C₃ plants have no specific adaptations to minimize photorespiration. But C₄ plants have a mechanism to reduce photorespiration. In C_4, cells light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycles occur in two different types of cell

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A possible explanation of why C₃ plants continue to increase photosynthetic activity at higher CO₂ concentrations, whereas C₄ plants reach a plateau should be suggested.

Concept introduction:

In C₄ plants, atmospheric CO₂ is first fixed in one type of cell as oxaloacetate and then converted to malate. Malate is then broken down to produce CO₂ in another type of cells. This CO₂ is then fixed to produce glucose via the Calvin cycle like C₃ plants.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the data were most likely to be generated by the C 4 plant and C 3 plant.

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(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

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Chapter 20 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the data were most likely to be generated by the C 4 plant and C 3 plant.

Concept explainers

Videos

(b) Interpretation: Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined. Concept introduction: Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 20 Solutions

(b)

Interpretation:

Possible explanations for the decrease in photosynthetic activity at higher temperature should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Multiple factors affect enzyme activity such as temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and inhibitors or activators.