Chapter 20, Problem 27P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When each of the given amines reacts with aqueous sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid, the product formed is to be represented.

Concept introduction:

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 Sandmeyer reaction is an organic reaction in which the amine group of a primary aromatic amine is replaced by a different number of substituents. This reaction is a radical nucleophilic substitution reaction.

舧 Hydride shift is defined as the rearrangement of hydrogen atoms.

舧 Nitrous acid $\left({\text{HNO}}_2\right)$ is produced by the reaction of strong hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous sodium nitrite $\left({\text{NaNO}}_2\right)$ at a low temperature.

舧 Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines.