College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 20, Problem 25CQ
We are often advised to not flick electric switches with wet hands, dry your hand first. We are also advised to never throw water on an electric fire. Why is this so?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 20 - Can a wire carry a current and still be...Ch. 20 - Car batteries are rated in ampere-hours (A h )....Ch. 20 - If two different wires having identical...Ch. 20 - Why are two conducting paths from a voltage source...Ch. 20 - In cars, one battery terminal is connected to the...Ch. 20 - Why isn't a bird sitting on a high-voltage power...Ch. 20 - The IR drop across a resistor means that there is...Ch. 20 - How is the I R drop in a resistor similar to the...Ch. 20 - In which of the three semiconducting materials...Ch. 20 - Does the resistance of an object depend on the...
Ch. 20 - If aluminum and copper wires of the same length...Ch. 20 - Explain why R=R0(1 + a?T) for the temperature...Ch. 20 - Why do incandescent lightbulbs grow dim late in...Ch. 20 - The power dissipated in a resistor is given by P =...Ch. 20 - Give an example of a use of AC power other than in...Ch. 20 - Why do voltage, current, and power go through zero...Ch. 20 - You are riding in a train, gazing into the...Ch. 20 - Using an ohmmeter, a student measures the...Ch. 20 - What are the two major hazards of electricity?Ch. 20 - Why isn’t a short circuit a shock hazard?Ch. 20 - What determines the severity of a shock? Can you...Ch. 20 - An electrified needle is used to burn off warts,...Ch. 20 - Some surgery is performed with high-voltage...Ch. 20 - Some devices often used in bathrooms, such as...Ch. 20 - We are often advised to not flick electric...Ch. 20 - Before working on a power transmission line,...Ch. 20 - Why is the resistance of wet skin so much smaller...Ch. 20 - Could a person on intravenous infusion (an IV) be...Ch. 20 - In view of the small currents that cause shock...Ch. 20 - Note that in Figure 20.28, both the concentration...Ch. 20 - Define depolarization, repolarization, and the...Ch. 20 - Explain the properties of myelinated nerves in...Ch. 20 - What is the current in milliamperes produced by...Ch. 20 - A total of 600 C of charge passes through a...Ch. 20 - What is the current when a typical static charge...Ch. 20 - Find the current when 2.00 nC jumps between your...Ch. 20 - A large lightning bolt had a 20,000-A current and...Ch. 20 - The 200-A current through a spark plug moves 0.300...Ch. 20 - (a) A defibrillator sends a 6.00-A current through...Ch. 20 - During open-heart surgery, a defibrillator can be...Ch. 20 - (a) A defibrillator passes 12.0 A of current...Ch. 20 - A clock battery wears out after moving 10,000 C of...Ch. 20 - The batteries of a submerged non-nuclear submarine...Ch. 20 - Electron guns are used in X-ray tubes. The...Ch. 20 - A large cyclotron directs a beam of He ++ nuclei...Ch. 20 - Repeat the above example on Example 20.3, but for...Ch. 20 - Using the results of the above example on Example...Ch. 20 - A 14-gauge copper wire has a diameter of 1.628 mm....Ch. 20 - SPEAR, a storage ring about 72.0 m in diameter at...Ch. 20 - What current flows through the bulb of a 3.00-V...Ch. 20 - Calculate the effective resistance of a pocket...Ch. 20 - What is the effective resistance of a car’s...Ch. 20 - How many volts are supplied to operate an...Ch. 20 - (a) F ind the voltage drop in an extension cord...Ch. 20 - A power transmission line is hung from metal...Ch. 20 - What is the resistance of a 20.0-m-long piece of...Ch. 20 - The diameter of 0-gauge copper wire is 8.252 mm....Ch. 20 - If the 0.100-mm diameter tungsten filament in a...Ch. 20 - Find the ratio of the diameter of aluminum to...Ch. 20 - What current flows through a 2.54-cm-diameter rod...Ch. 20 - (a) To what temperature must you raise a copper...Ch. 20 - A resistor made of Nichrome wire is used in an...Ch. 20 - Of what material is a resistor made if its...Ch. 20 - An electronic device designed to operate at any...Ch. 20 - a) Of what material is a wire made, if it is 25.0...Ch. 20 - Assuming a constant temperature coefficient of...Ch. 20 - A wire is drawn through a die, stretching it to...Ch. 20 - A copper wire has a resistance of 0.500at 20.0°C,...Ch. 20 - (a) Digital medical thermometers determine...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Redo Exercise 20.25 taking...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) To what temperature must...Ch. 20 - What is the power of a 1.00 102 MV lightning boit...Ch. 20 - What power is supplied to the starter motor of a...Ch. 20 - A charge of 4.00 C of charge passes through a...Ch. 20 - How many watts does a flashlight that has 6.00102C...Ch. 20 - Find the power dissipated in each of these...Ch. 20 - Verify that the units of a volt-ampere are watts,...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 V2/=1W , as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 A 2 = 1W, as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Verify the energy unit equivalence that 1 kWh =...Ch. 20 - Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through...Ch. 20 - An electric water heater consumes 5.00 kW for 2.00...Ch. 20 - With a 1200-W toaster, how much electrical energy...Ch. 20 - What would be the maximum cost of a CFL such that...Ch. 20 - Some makes of older cars have 6.00-V electrical...Ch. 20 - Alkaline batteries have the advantage of putting...Ch. 20 - A cauterizer, used to stop bleeding in surgery,...Ch. 20 - The average television is said to be on 6 hours...Ch. 20 - An old lightbulb draws only 50.0 W, rather than...Ch. 20 - -gauge copper wire has a diameter of 9.266 mm....Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Cold vaporizers pass a current...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What energy is dissipated...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts What current must be produced...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts How much time is needed for a...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Hydroelectric generators (see...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Assuming 95.0% efficiency...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts A light-rail commuter train...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An aluminum power...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An immersion heater...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is the cost of...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an electric...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the hot resistance of a 25-W light...Ch. 20 - Certain heavy industrial equipment uses AC power...Ch. 20 - A certain circuit breaker trips when the rms...Ch. 20 - Military aircraft use 400-Hz AC power, because it...Ch. 20 - A North American tourist takes his 25.0-W, 120-V...Ch. 20 - In this problem, you will verify statements made...Ch. 20 - A small office-building air conditioner operates...Ch. 20 - What is the peak power consumption of a 12G-V AC...Ch. 20 - What is the peak current through a 500-W room...Ch. 20 - Two different electrical devices have the same...Ch. 20 - Nichrome wire is used in some radiative heaters....Ch. 20 - Find the time after t = 0 when the instantaneous...Ch. 20 - (a) At what two times in the first period...Ch. 20 - (a) Haw much power is dissipated in a short...Ch. 20 - What voltage is involved in a 1.44-kW short...Ch. 20 - Find the current through a person and identify the...Ch. 20 - While taking a bath, a person touches the metal...Ch. 20 - Foolishly trying to fish a burning piece of bread...Ch. 20 - (a) During surgery, a current as small as 20.0 ?...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the resistance of a 220-V AC short...Ch. 20 - A heart defibrillator passes 10.0 A through a...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts A short circuit in a 120-V...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Use the ECG in Figure 20.34 to...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Referring to Figure 20.34,...
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- The immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, an uncoordinated quivering of the heart, as opposed to proper beating. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart will sometimes start organized beating again. A defibrillator is a device that applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time of a few milliseconds. The device contains a capacitor of a few microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles, about 8 cm across and coated with conducting paste, are held against the chest on both sides of the heart. Their handles are insulated to prevent injury to the operator, who calls Clear! and pushes a button on one paddle to discharge the capacitor through the patient's chest Assume an energy of 3.00 102 W s is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?arrow_forwardWhy is it possible for a bird to sit on a high-voltage wire without being electrocuted?arrow_forwardThe batteries of a submerged non-nuclear submarine supply 1000 A at full speed ahead. How long does it take to move Avogadro’s number (6.02 1023) of electrons at this rate?arrow_forward
- When working with high-power electric circuits, it is advised that whenever possible, you work "one-handed” or “keep one hand in your pocket." Why is this a sensible suggestion?arrow_forwardThe immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, which is an uncoordinated quivering of the heart. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart sometimes resumes its proper beating. One type of defibrillator (chapter-opening photo, page 777) applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time interval of a few milliseconds. This device contains a capacitor of several microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles are held against the chest on both sides of tire heart, and the capacitor is discharged through the patient's chest. Assume an energy of 300 J is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?arrow_forwardAn electric eel generates electric currents through its highly specialized Hunters organ, in which thousands of disk-shaped cells called electrocytes are lined up in series, very much in the same way batteries are lined up inside a flashlight. When activated, each electrocyte can maintain a potential difference of about 150 mV at a current of 1.0 A for about 2.0 ms. Suppose a grown electric eel has 4.0 103 electrocytes and can deliver up to 3.00 102 shocks in rapid series over about 1.0 s. (a) What maximum electrical power can an electric eel generate? (b) Approximately how much energy does it release in one shock? (c) How high would a mass of 1.0 kg have to be lifted so that its gravitational potential energy equals the energy released in 3.00 102 such shocks?arrow_forward
- A 120-V immersion heater consists of a coil of wire that is placed in a cup to boil the water. The heater can boil one cup of 20.00°C water in 180.00 seconds. You buy one to use in your dorm room, but you are worried that you will overload the circuit and nip the 15.00-A, 120-V circuit breaker, which supplies your dorm room. In your dorm room, you have four 100.00-W incandescent lamps and a 1500.00-W space heater, (a) What is the power rating of the immersion heater? (b) Will it trip the breaker when everything is turned on? (c) If it you replace the incandescent bulbs with 18.00-W LED, will the breaker nip when everything is turned on?arrow_forwardWhat determines the severity of a shock? Can you say that a certain voltage is hazardous without further information?arrow_forwardConsider positive and negative charges all moving horizontally with the same speed through the four regions in Figure 17.2. Rank the magnitudes of the currents in these four regions from lowest to highest. (Ia is the current in Figure 17.2a, Ib the current in Figure 17.2b, etc.) (a) Id, Ia, Ic, Ib (b) Ia, Ic, Ib, Id (c) Ic, Ia, Id, Ib (d) Id, Ib, Ic, Ia (e) Ia, Ib, Ic, Id (f) None of these Figure 17.2 (Quick Quiz 17.1)arrow_forward
- In places such as hospital operating rooms or factories for electronic circuit boards, electric sparks must be avoided. A prison standing on a grounded floor and touching nothing else can typically have a body capacitance of 150 pF, in parallel with a foot capacitance of 80.0 pF produced by the dielectric soles of his or her shoes. The person acquires static electric charge from interactions with Ills or her surroundings. The static charge flows to ground through the equivalent resistance of the two shoe soles in parallel with each other. A pair of rubber-soled street shoes can present an equivalent resistance of 5.00 103 M. A pair of shoes with special static-dissipative soles can have an equivalent resistance of 1.00 M. Consider the persons body and shoes as forming an RC circuit with the ground. (a) How long does it take the rubber-soled shoes to reduce a persons potential from 3.00 103 V to 100? (b) How long does it take the static-dissipative shoes to do the same thing?arrow_forward(a) Why are fish reasonably safe in an electrical storm? (b) Why are swimmers nonetheless ordered to get out of the water in the same circumstance?arrow_forwardAccording to its design specification, the timer circuit delaying the closing of an elevator door is to have a capacitance of 32.0 F between two points A and B. When one circuit is being constructed, the inexpensive but durable capacitor installed between these two points is found to have capacitance 34.8 F. To meet the specification, one additional capacitor can be placed between the two points. (a) Should it be in series or in parallel with the 34.8-F capacitor? (b) What should be its capacitance? (c) What If? The next circuit comes down the assembly line with capacitance 29.8 F between A and B. To meet the specification, what additional capacitor should be installed in series or in parallel in that circuit?arrow_forward
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Ohm's law Explained; Author: ALL ABOUT ELECTRONICS;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV8CMZZKrB4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY