(a) Interpretation: Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown. Concept introduction: The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine ( RNH 2 ) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

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Electron Arrangement A. Fill in the following chart relating to levels, sublevels and orbitals. Levels (n) 1 Sublevels # of Orbitals per sublevel 2 3 4 # of Electrons per sublevel Total Electrons per level Complete: B. Answer the following questions related to levels, sublevels, orbitals and electrons. 1. How many sublevels are in energy level 2? 2. How many orbitals are in a 4f sublevel? 3. How many electrons can level 3 hold? 4. How many orbitals are in level 4? 5. How many electrons can sublevel 2p hold? 11

Provide the unknown for the given details.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide, followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via a Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given amine from an alkyl halide via Gabriel synthesis is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine (RNH2) from an alkyl halide. In Gabriel synthesis, phthalimide is first treated with a strong base such as potassium hydroxide followed by an alkyl halide. Subsequent hydrolysis using hydroxide then liberates the primary amine. The alkyl halide used would be analogous to the primary amine target.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the Gabriel synthesis is an effective way to synthesize a primary amine from an alkyl halide.

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