Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from a foot infection of a 40-year-old man. The patient had a chronic diabetes-related foot ulcer and underwent amputation of a gangrenous toe. He subsequently developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. The infection was treated with vancomycin. One week later, he developed a vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) infection. This is the first case of VRSA in the United States. What is the most likely source of the VRSA?
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 20 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
- Many antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Tetracycline (ii) Puromycin (iii) Alpha-Amanitinarrow_forwardChoose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread. A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera. B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following: 1. Identification of a) the pathogen, b) the reservoir c) means of transmission d) the susceptible host 2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention. 3. Include references and relevant data.arrow_forwardExplain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most susceptible to peptic ulcers? Is H. pylori normal flora? If so, what causes the species to become pathogenic? Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does extracellular growth differ from intracellular growth? Diagram the 5 step pathogenesis cycle for coli O157:H7, an extracellular, intestinal pathogen acquired by consuming contaminated food/water. Be sure to include the role of exoenzymes and the Shiga exotoxin in your diagram. (2 points) Explain the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Be sure to include temperature regulation, intracellular growth, and at risk groups in your discussion.arrow_forward
- Why is it difficult for the colon to reestablish a beneficial flora after several antibiotic treatments?arrow_forwardMany antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Chloramphenicol (ii) Rifamycinarrow_forwardThe general public takes for granted the link between an infectious agent and a given infection Discuss the requirements established by Koch, the nineteenth-century German scientist, before ascertaining, for instance, that Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the gastric ulcer. Why is it so essential to meet these conditions?arrow_forward
- Which of the following bacterial species is considered normal flora of the mouth? O 1) Streptococcus mutans 2) Escherichia coli 3) Klebsiella pneumoniae 4) Staphylococcus epidermidisarrow_forwardWhy does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.arrow_forwardWhile it is true that not all coliforms are pathogenic under normal conditions, please name two situations that can occur due to infection by pathogenic strains.arrow_forward
- A newly admitted patient reports a penicillin allery. The prescriber has ordered a second-eneration cephalosporin as part of the therapy. Which nursin action is appropriate?a) Call the prescriber to clarify the order because of the patient’s allery.b )Give the medication, and monitor for adverse effects.c) Ask the pharmacy to chane the order to a first-eneration cephalosporin.d )Administer the dru with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dru to reduce adverse effectsarrow_forwardThe patient was an 80-year-old female who 10 days previously had had a cystocele repair performed. At the time of the hospital admission, a urine culture was obtained and revealed >100,000 CFU/ml of an Escherichia coli strain that was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents against which it was tested. Postoperatively, she began a 7-day course of oral cephalexin. She was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course of 3 days. Ten days postoperatively, she presented with a 3-day history of diarrhea. The patient noted multiple watery, loose stools without blood, crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. She presented with a temperature of 38.2 degrees C, pulse rate of 90/min, respiration rate of 20/min, and blood pressure of 116/53mm Hg. Her white blood cell count was normal, but a large number (53%) of immature polymorphonuclear cells were seen. Physical examination, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and lipase were all within normal limits. Cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia,…arrow_forwardWhich of the following about Staphylococcus aureus is false?a) It is generally coagulase-positive.b) Its infectious dose is increased in the presence of foreign material.c) Some strains infecting wounds can cause toxic shock.d) Nasal carriers have an increased the risk of surgical wound infection.e) It is pyogenic.arrow_forward
- Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:CengagePrinciples Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning