Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 20, Problem 15SQ
Summary Introduction
To match: The terms with the most suitable description.
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b. Preceded by DNA replication
c. Results in gamete production.
d. Spindle apparatus guides chromoson e movement
e. Process of nuclear division.
12. The identification of bacteria by serologic tests is based on the presence of specific
antigens. Which of the following bacterial components is least likely to conta in useful
antigens?
a. Ribosomes
b. Cell wall
c. Capsule
d. Flagella
13. Each of the following statements concerning the Gram stain is correct except.
a. Escherichia coli stains pink because t has a thin peptidoglycan.layer
b. Streptococcus pyogens stains blue because it has a thick peptidoglycar layer
c Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram's stain because it does not have a
d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains blue because it has a thick lipid layer
14. An outbreak of sepsis caused by Staph loeoccus aureus has occurred in the newborn
nursery. You are called upon to investigate. According to your knowledge of the normal
flora, what is the most likely source of ne…
A bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining?
Group of answer choices
A. fimbriae
B. pili
C. an endospore
D. a flagellum
A
THF
-wwwwwwwwww
DHF
-wwwwwww
DNA
mRNA
30
B
с
50
30
Ribosomes
50
30
D
E
45. If the microbe uses target modification to avoid Streptomycin, then which structure
above should it focus on modifying?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - The genome of ___ can be either RNA or DNA. a. a...Ch. 20 - The capsid of a virion consists of ___ . a. DNA b....Ch. 20 - Bacteriophages kill their host quickly by ______ ....Ch. 20 - The genetic material of HIV (a retrovirus) is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5SQCh. 20 - Prob. 6SQCh. 20 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 20 - Bacteria that serve as decomposers are ___ . a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Formation of a(n) ___ allows some soil bacteria to...Ch. 20 - _____ in the stomach of a cow release methane. a....Ch. 20 - A plasmid is a circle of ___ . a. RNA b. DNA c....Ch. 20 - Prob. 13SQCh. 20 - Prob. 14SQCh. 20 - Prob. 15SQCh. 20 - Prob. 1CTCh. 20 - Adenoviruses that cause colds do not have a lipid...Ch. 20 - The antibiotic penicillin acts by interfering with...Ch. 20 - Raw red alga of the genus Porphyra is part of a...
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- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (VCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes VCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from VCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. How can a prion replicate itself without genetic material?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. How did the researchers know that the radioisotopes in the fluid came from outside of the bacterial cells and not from bacteria that had been broken apart by whirling in the blender?arrow_forward
- HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. The extracellular concentration of which isotope increased the most with blending?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Do these results imply that viruses inject DNA or protein into bacteria? Why or why not?arrow_forwardSome bacteria secrete a nonprotein material to cover their antigen. This allows it to go unnoticed by the immune system. That coating is called ___. the capsid the spore cilia the capsulearrow_forward
- Viruses ____. A. all have a round shape B. cannot have a long shape C. do not maintain any shape D. vary in shapearrow_forwardO t of Match the type of pathogen with the correct description. Prions Virus Protozoans Bacteria and parasitic worms Choose... Choose... Can be treated with drugs that prevent it from synthesizing proteins Misfolded version of a harmless protein that will cause host cells to produce misshapen proteins May cause damage by releasing a toxin into the bloodstream Can only replicate when it is inside of a host cell Choose... Fiarrow_forwardAntibiotic Zone of Inhibition A 15 mm B O mm 7 mm 15 mm a. Which antibiotic was most effective against the bacteria being tested? b. Which antibiotic would you recommend for treating a disease caused by this bacterium? c. Was antibiotic A bactericidal or bacteriostatic? How can you tell?arrow_forward
- السؤال الأول omogene 5, What is an explant? A. Part of a gene in a DNA B. A small piece of plant used in micropropagation C. A vector used in genetic modification sequence wwLLdicease is caused bv Agrobacterium tumefaciens'arrow_forward1 View and DRAW observations of prepared slides: Bacteria Special Stains a. Endospore Stain: Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum-Label: endospores, note location of endospore for each species b.) Flagella Stain: Proteus vulgaris and Spirillum-MY- volutans-Label: flagella, identify flagella arrangement on each type of organism. Parrow_forwardNon-enveloped viruses are released by O a. Inducing cell lysis O b.Assembling in the nucleus Oc. Envelopment in the Golgi to be released by the secretory pathway Od.Budding from the plasma membranearrow_forward
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