Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 10RE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The overall voltage of the given biological reaction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation is the addition of an electronegative element or the removal of an electropositive element in a chemical reaction.

Reduction is the addition of an electropositive element or the removal of an electronegative element in a chemical reaction

The chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously is called a redox reaction.

NADHCoQoxidoreductaseis the first complex in the electron transport chain and it catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADHtocoenzymeQ.

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ENZYME KINETICS ANALYSIS of 6 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of uric acid, which in excess causes gouty arthritis. The inhibition of this enzyme is therefore critical in its treatment. A student researcher is investigating the inhibitory effects of kaempferol (Kmp) and chlorogenic acid (Cha) on XO which uses xanthine (Xan) as substrate. Table 1 below shows the enzyme kinetic data. Construct the Lineweaver-Burk plot complete with the linear regression analvsis. Fill in the needed information on Table 2 and paste a copy of your Lineweaver-Burk plot. submit the picture of your output in PNG or JPG format. Table 1. Enzyme Kinetic Data Velocity, mM/s [S], mM Хan Kmp Cha 0.492 0.0678 0.0351 0.0615 0.211 0.0531 0.0261 0.0451 0.087 0.0298 0.0157 0.0211 0.048 0.0195 0.0091 0.0142 0.029 0.0127 0.0067 0.0081 Table 2. Enzyme Kinetic Parameters Xanthine Kaempferol Chlorogenic acid Parameters Vmax Км Type of Inhibition Mode of Binding NA NA Lineweaver-Burk Plot
Kinetic Parameters of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions TABLE 12-1 The Values of KM, Keat, and Keat/KM for Some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Substrate KM (M) 9.5 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-² 2.6 x 10-2 2.5 x 10-2 4.4 x 10-1 8.8 x 10-2 6.6 x 10-4 Acetylcholinesterase Carbonic anhydrase Catalase Chymotrypsin Fumarase Urease Acetylcholine CO₂ HCO₁ H₂O₂ N-Acetylglycine ethyl ester N-Acetylvaline ethyl ester N-Acetyltyrosine ethyl ester Fumarate Malate Urea 5.0 x 10-6 2.5 x 10-5 2.5 x 10-2 Keat (S-¹) 1.4 x 104 1.0 × 106 4.0 × 105 1.0 X 107 5.1 x 10-2 1.7 × 10-1 1.9 X 10² 8.0 x 10² 9.0 × 10² 1.0 X 104 Keat/KM (M¹s¹) 1.5 × 108 8.3 x 107 1.5 x 107 4.0 X 108 1.2 x 10-1 1.9 2.9 × 105 1.6 × 108 3.6 X 107 4.0 X 105 Which enzyme is the most catalytically efficient? Which substrate does chymotrypsin bind to most tightly (assume k_₁ >> K₂)? Is fumarate or malate a better substrate of fumarase? Is it possible to have a kcat/KM of greater than 1 x 10⁹ M-¹ s-¹? Why or why not?

Chapter 20 Solutions

Biochemistry

Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate E for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12RECh. 20 - MATHEMATICAL Which is more favorable...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the fact that the...Ch. 20 - RECALL What do cytochromes have in common with...Ch. 20 - RECALL How do the cytochromes differ from...Ch. 20 - RECALL Which of the following does not play a role...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18RECh. 20 - Prob. 19RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Two biochemistry students are...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Cytochrome oxidase and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 22RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Reflect on the evolutionary...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Experimental evidence strongly...Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the advantage of having...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why do the electron-transfer...Ch. 20 - Prob. 28RECh. 20 - Prob. 29RECh. 20 - Prob. 30RECh. 20 - RECALL Describe the role of the F1 portion of ATP...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32RECh. 20 - Prob. 33RECh. 20 - Prob. 34RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the approximate P/O...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it difficult to determine...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What are some of the...Ch. 20 - RECALL Briefly summarize the main arguments of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 39RECh. 20 - Prob. 40RECh. 20 - Prob. 41RECh. 20 - Prob. 42RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Criticize the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 44RECh. 20 - Prob. 45RECh. 20 - Prob. 46RECh. 20 - RECALL How does the yield of ATP from complete...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY The malate-aspartate shuttle...Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL What yield of ATP can be expected...Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL The free-energy change (G) for the...
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