Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 10RE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The overall voltage of the given biological reaction is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation is the addition of an electronegative element or the removal of an electropositive element in a
Reduction is the addition of an electropositive element or the removal of an electronegative element in a chemical reaction
The chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously is called a
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ENZYME KINETICS ANALYSIS
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Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of uric acid, which in excess
causes gouty arthritis. The inhibition of this enzyme is therefore critical in its treatment. A student
researcher is investigating the inhibitory effects of kaempferol (Kmp) and chlorogenic acid (Cha) on XO
which uses xanthine (Xan) as substrate. Table 1 below shows the enzyme kinetic data. Construct the
Lineweaver-Burk plot complete with the linear regression analvsis. Fill in the needed information on Table
2 and paste a copy of your Lineweaver-Burk plot. submit the picture of your output in PNG or JPG format.
Table 1. Enzyme Kinetic Data
Velocity, mM/s
[S], mM
Хan
Kmp
Cha
0.492
0.0678
0.0351
0.0615
0.211
0.0531
0.0261
0.0451
0.087
0.0298
0.0157
0.0211
0.048
0.0195
0.0091
0.0142
0.029
0.0127
0.0067
0.0081
Table 2. Enzyme Kinetic Parameters
Xanthine
Kaempferol
Chlorogenic acid
Parameters
Vmax
Км
Type of Inhibition
Mode of Binding
NA
NA
Lineweaver-Burk Plot
Kinetic Parameters of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
TABLE 12-1 The Values of KM, Keat, and Keat/KM for Some Enzymes and Substrates
Enzyme
Substrate
KM (M)
9.5 x 10-5
1.2 x 10-²
2.6 x 10-2
2.5 x 10-2
4.4 x 10-1
8.8 x 10-2
6.6 x 10-4
Acetylcholinesterase
Carbonic anhydrase
Catalase
Chymotrypsin
Fumarase
Urease
Acetylcholine
CO₂
HCO₁
H₂O₂
N-Acetylglycine ethyl ester
N-Acetylvaline ethyl ester
N-Acetyltyrosine ethyl ester
Fumarate
Malate
Urea
5.0 x 10-6
2.5 x 10-5
2.5 x 10-2
Keat (S-¹)
1.4 x 104
1.0 × 106
4.0 × 105
1.0 X 107
5.1 x 10-2
1.7 × 10-1
1.9 X 10²
8.0 x 10²
9.0 × 10²
1.0 X 104
Keat/KM (M¹s¹)
1.5 × 108
8.3 x 107
1.5 x 107
4.0 X 108
1.2 x 10-1
1.9
2.9 × 105
1.6 × 108
3.6 X 107
4.0 X 105
Which enzyme is the most catalytically efficient?
Which substrate does chymotrypsin bind to most tightly (assume k_₁ >> K₂)?
Is fumarate or malate a better substrate of fumarase?
Is it possible to have a kcat/KM of greater than 1 x 10⁹ M-¹ s-¹? Why or why not?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 20 - RECALL Briefly summarize the steps in the electron...Ch. 20 - RECALL Are electron transport and oxidative...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Show how the reactions of the...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does mitochondrial structure...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RECh. 20 - Prob. 7RECh. 20 - MATHEMATICAL Using the information in Table 20.2,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9RECh. 20 - Prob. 10RE
Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate E for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12RECh. 20 - MATHEMATICAL Which is more favorable...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the fact that the...Ch. 20 - RECALL What do cytochromes have in common with...Ch. 20 - RECALL How do the cytochromes differ from...Ch. 20 - RECALL Which of the following does not play a role...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18RECh. 20 - Prob. 19RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Two biochemistry students are...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Cytochrome oxidase and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 22RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Reflect on the evolutionary...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Experimental evidence strongly...Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the advantage of having...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why do the electron-transfer...Ch. 20 - Prob. 28RECh. 20 - Prob. 29RECh. 20 - Prob. 30RECh. 20 - RECALL Describe the role of the F1 portion of ATP...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32RECh. 20 - Prob. 33RECh. 20 - Prob. 34RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the approximate P/O...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it difficult to determine...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY What are some of the...Ch. 20 - RECALL Briefly summarize the main arguments of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 39RECh. 20 - Prob. 40RECh. 20 - Prob. 41RECh. 20 - Prob. 42RECh. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY Criticize the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 44RECh. 20 - Prob. 45RECh. 20 - Prob. 46RECh. 20 - RECALL How does the yield of ATP from complete...Ch. 20 - REFLECT AND APPLY The malate-aspartate shuttle...Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL What yield of ATP can be expected...Ch. 20 - MATHEMATICAL The free-energy change (G) for the...
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