Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 7IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether nitrogen molecules contain non-polar or polar covalent bonds.

Introduction: Chemical bond is a force through which two or more atoms join together to form a molecule. Ionic bond, metallic bond, and covalent bond are the three main types of chemical bonds.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether ammonia molecules contain non-polar or polar covalent bonds.

Introduction: A covalent bond is formed by sharing of valence electrons by two atoms to complete their outermost or valence shell to form a molecule. The number of covalent bonds an atom can make depends on the number of electrons it needs to completely fill its valence shell.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether methane molecules contain non-polar or polar covalent bonds.

Introduction: Chemical bonds link atoms together in a particular arrangement that defines the type of molecules. It is an attractive force that arises between two atoms to unite atoms as a molecule. Electronegativity difference between the atoms determines the type of bond they can form in between them.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether formaldehyde molecules contain non-polar or polar covalent bonds.

Introduction: The separation of charge into different positive and negative regions is called polarity. The polarity of a bond increases with an increasing difference in electronegativity. The electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom to draw electrons away from another atom.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.)   Data Table 1Stage    Totals    PercentInterphase        Mitosis:        Prophase        Metaphase        Anaphase        Telophase        Cytokinesis        Totals    100    100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…
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