BASIC BIOMECHANICS-CONNECT ACCESS
8th Edition
ISBN: 2810022045853
Author: Hall
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 2, Problem 4IP
Select a familiar animal. Does the animal move in the same major reference planes in which humans move? What are the major differences in the movement patterns of this animal and the movement patterns of humans?
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BASIC BIOMECHANICS-CONNECT ACCESS
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- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/l_3-D1) to learn more about how the brain perceives 3-D motion. Similar to how retinal disparity offers 3-D moviegoers a way to extract 3-D information from the two-dimensional visual field projected onto the retina, the brain can extract information about movement in space by comparing what the two eyes see. If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. If both eyes see an object moving in the same direction, but at different rates, what would that mean for spatial movement?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts In owls and many other birds of prey, the fovea is located toward the top of the retina rather than at the center as in humans. This arrangement correlates with the birds hunting behavior, in which they look down when they fly, scanning the ground for a meal. With this arrangement in mind, why do you think a standing owl would turn its head upside down?arrow_forward
- Awareness of a stimulus is called a ________.arrow_forwardAs a person ages, their ability to focus on near objects (accommodation) changes. If a person is already myopic (near-sighted), why would corrective lenses not be necessary to read a book or computer screen?arrow_forwardWhich arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle? The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn all directions. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn one side. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle.arrow_forward
- Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardCheetahs and human sprinters tend to have a high proportion of ________fibers in their leg muscles. a. white b. fast red c. slow redarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/motorpathway) to learn more about the descending motor pathway for the somatic nervous system. The autonomic connections are mentioned, which are covered in another chapter. From this brief video, only some of the descending motor pathway of the somatic nervous system is described. Which division of the pathway is described and which division is left out?arrow_forward
- Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/3Dmovies) to learn about the side effects of 3-D movies. As discussed in this video, movies that are shot in 3-D can cause motion sickness, which elicits the autonomic symptoms of nausea and sweating. The disconnection between the perceived motion on the screen and the lack of any change in equilibrium stimulates these symptoms. Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?arrow_forwardWhich of the following situations is associated with movement and position in the human body? a. Statoliths in statocysts bend sensory hairs and trigger actionpotentials. b. If sensory hairs in the utricle are oriented horizontally andthose in the saccule are oriented vertically, the person is lyingdown. c. When the head rotates, the endolymph in the semicircularcanal pulls the cupula with it to activate sensory hair cells. d. Displacement of the utricle and saccule generates actionpotentials. e. If the body is spinning at a constant rate and direction, thecupula is displaced and action potentials are initiated.arrow_forward
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